2017年高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式的被動式

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▲高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式的被動式

不定式到底用主動形式還是被動形式，往往取決于句子的意思，即意思上為主動就用主動形式，意思上為被動就用被動形式：

Did it need to be done so soon 這事需要這么快就做嗎

She can’t bear to be laughed at. 她受不了被人嘲笑。

There was business to be taken care of. 有生意要人管理。

It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正確，以后見分曉。

There was a lot of rubbish to be got rid of. 有大量垃圾需要扔掉。

不定式完成被動式的用法

不定式的完成被動式表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的被動動作：

I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity. 給了我這次機會我很高興。

It’s said to have been built in the Ming dynasty. 據(jù)說它是明朝修建的。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式的被動式

1. 基本用法

不定式到底用主動形式還是被動形式，往往取決于句子的意思，即意思上為主動就用主動形式，意思上為被動就用被動形式。如：

Not a sound was to be heard. 聽不到一點聲音。

I had to shout to be heard. 我必須叫喊對方才能聽得見。

There remains one matter still to be discussed. 有一個問題尚待討論。

It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它對我們是利是害，還得看看再說。

2. 主動表被動

一般說來，表示主動意義，不定式用主動式；表示被動意義，不定式用被動式。但是，有個別時候，雖然意義上是被動的，但不定式卻要用主動式。如：

The house is to let. 此屋出租。

The box was too heavy to lift. 箱子太重，拿不起來。

The question is difficult to answer. 這問題很難回答。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式的被動式

習題

1. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. A. to take B. to be taken C. to bring D. to be brought

2. Why not ________ going by boat for a change A. trying B. tried C. to try D. try

3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer. A. to invent B. having invented C. to have invented D. inventing

4. Today will be a busy day because I have a lot of work ________ . A. to do B. to be done C. done D. being done

5. I really don't know ________ or to leave. A. if to stay B. if stay C. whether to stay D. whether stay

6. I've worked with children before, so I know ________ in my new job. A. what expect B. to expect what C. expect what D. what to expect

7. ________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Sleeping B. Sleep C. To sleep D. Having slept

8. Please find a room for us ________ this evening. A. to stay B. staying C. staying in D. to stay in

9. It is nice ________ you to help me with my English. A. of B. for C. with D. to

10. Hibernating animals (冬眠動物) have no choice but ________ down to sleep in winter. A. lie B. lying C. to lie D. lay

11. I am determined to do what I can ________ my English. A. improve B. raise C. to raise D. to improve

12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to

13. The boy's eyes need ________ with great care. A. to examine B. examined C. to be examined D. to be examining

14. —Was the work difficult —Not at all. It was easy ________ . A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. to have done

15. —Was he preparing for the exam yesterday evening —Yes, he's ________ it next month. A. to give B. to take C. to make D. to do

參考答案與解析：

1. B。take帶走(去)；bring帶來。另外，主語Jim與動詞take之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系。

2. D。考查固定句型“Why not do ...”。

3. C。不定式所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，故應使用不定式的完成式。

4. A。不定式作定語時，既可以與其所修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的主謂關系，也可以與其所修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系。當不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語或謂語動詞的賓語時，不定式應使用主動形式。

5. C。與不定式連用，并且要表達“是否”之意時，只能用whether，不能用if。

6. D。動詞不定式作tell, show, know, decide, learn, teach, discuss等動詞的賓語時，不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞、疑問副詞或連詞whether等，即：who, whom, what, which, when, where, why, how, whether等 + to do。

7. C。不定式作目的狀語。

8. D。當不及物動詞的不定式形式作定語，且該不定式與其所修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，其后需使用必要的介詞。例如：a river to swim in, a person to laugh at, nothing to worry about, a chair to sit in, a hotel to stay at, a pen to write with等等。

9. A。不定式的邏輯主語既可以用for sb.也可以用of sb.來表示。當形容詞強調(diào)人的品質(zhì)、特點時，要用of sb.。常見的這類形容詞有：kind, nice, good, bad, polite, rude, wrong, right, clever, careless等。

10. C。but用作介詞時，后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。除了短語can't help but do, can't choose but do, do but do 之外，介詞but后常跟帶to的不定式。have no choice but to... 表示“除了之外毫無選擇；只好”

11. D?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。

12. B。so as to do或in order to do在句中作目的狀語，其否定形式為so as not to do和in order not to do。

13. C。動詞need后面的動詞作其賓語，且與need的主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，need后面的動詞可用doing或to be done兩種形式。

14. A。動詞不定式跟在某一形容詞后作狀語，且這個形容詞用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特征等時，不定式通常使用一般式，而不使用被動式。再如： The box is too heavy to carry. He finds English difficult to learn.

15. B?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶鞅碚Z?！癰e+不定式”可用來表示將來。take an exam參加考試。

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