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▲高考英語語法必考知識點:讓步狀語從句的連詞
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些:though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑問詞,疑問詞-ever,regardless of+名詞/名詞短語/名詞從句,despite,in spite of。切記although,though 不可與but連用,但可以與still和yet連用。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:讓步狀語從句的用法
⑴though, although
表示“雖然,縱然”之意
這兩個連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet,still或nevertheless連用,但不能與but連用。例如:
I will remain firm though I must lower my physical sights.盡管我得降低體育(鍛煉)的目標,但我的意志是堅強的。
Though I believe it, yet I must consider.盡管我相信這一點,但我還得考慮考慮。
Although/Though he was exhausted,he(still) kept on working.雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了,但他仍然繼續(xù)工作。
Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.他雖然年紀大了,身體還很健壯。
值得注意的是,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:
She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學習,考試卻及格了。
⑵as(though)
表示“雖然…但是”,“縱使…”之意
as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形,though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。例如:
Object as/though you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.)縱使你反對,我也要去。
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.)盡管他學習很努力,但幾乎沒取得什么進步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.)雖然他是一個孩子,但他知道該做什么。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.縱然你讀得快,你也不能這么快讀完這本書。
Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.盡管我愛城市,但我知道,以往的鄉(xiāng)村生活使我受益匪淺。
Small as atome are, they are made up of still smaller units.盡管原子很小,但它們由更小的單位構(gòu)成。
由這一個復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)果,所以它的語氣是比較強烈的,從而也更加堅定了主句的內(nèi)容。例如:
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個典禮。
Whether you believe it or not, it's true.無論你是否相信,這都是真的。
Whether or not they win this battle, they won't win the war.不管他們是否能贏得這次戰(zhàn)役,他們絕不會贏得這場戰(zhàn)爭。
﹙3﹚“no matter+疑問詞=疑問詞-ever
含義為“……都……;不管……都……”
它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)無論發(fā)生了什么事情,他都不會介意的。
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.)不管你是誰,你都需要遵紀守法。
When anyone does something for you, no matter how samll and no matter whether he's a superior or servant, it's proper to say“Thank you”.只要任何人替你做了一件事,不管事情多么微不足道,也不管他是你的上司還是你的仆人,你都應(yīng)該說聲“謝謝”。
但“no matter+疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:
Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語句)無論你說什么,我都不會相信你。
I'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃什么。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語從句)不管誰來都受到歡迎。
此外,有時while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但一般要位于句首。例如:
While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。
綜上所述,我們可以看出,學習讓步狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選用;其次,要注意的是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序。
⑷whether...or...
表示“不論是否……”,“不管是……還是……”之意。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:讓步狀語從句的注意事項
讓步狀語從句表示:雖然,盡管,即使等概念,由although, though(盡管,即使),however(無論怎樣),whatever(無論什么),whoever(無論誰),whomever(無論誰),whichever(無論哪個),whenever(無論何時),wherever(無論哪里),whether(是否),no matter (who,what,where,when,etc) (無論……),even if(即使),even though(即使)等詞引導(dǎo)。
如:We won’t be discouraged even if (=even though) we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。
It was an exciting game, though/although no goals were scored.那是一場精彩的球賽,盡管一個球都沒進。(though, although不能與but連用)
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信,這是真的。
However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.無論它有多貴,我也要買下它。
Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他們是誰,別讓他們進來。
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.無論我說什么或怎么說,他總認為是我錯。
even if 與even though 的區(qū)別:
1.even if 與even though 的區(qū)別 兩者均可用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,其細微區(qū)別是:
1. even if 引導(dǎo)的從句是往往是假設(shè)性的,相當于漢語的“即使”“縱然”“就算”“哪怕”。如:
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功,他們也會支持你。
Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走著去,我也要走到那里。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我們也決不改變計劃。
For my part, I plan to go to the party even if you decide not to go. 至于我,即使你決定不去參加晚會我也會去的。
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it. 就算你看見是他拾起的錢,你也不能肯定錢就是他偷的。
正因為even if從句的內(nèi)容通常是假設(shè)性的,所以有時還可用于虛擬語氣;這樣用的even if 與單獨使用的if比較接近。如:
Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it. 他即使有錢也不會買它。
I would have married her even if she had been penniless. 即使她身無分文,我也會和她結(jié)婚。
2.even though 引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容往往是真實的,主要用于引出不利用于主句情況的信息,相當于漢語的“盡管”“雖然”。如:
He went out even though it was raining. 盡管在下雨,他還是出去了。
Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it. 雖然工作艱苦,我還是很喜歡。
He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他盡管經(jīng)驗最少,但教得最好。
Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a nice time. 盡管這次聚會上我誰也不認識,我也玩得挺痛快。
這樣用的even though與though或although的意思比較接近,許多時候可以互換(注意:英語可以說though和even though,但不能說even although)。如:
Even though [Thought, Although] I felt sorry for him, l was secretly pleased tha t he was having difficulties. 雖然我為他感到惋惜,但對他的困難卻暗自高興。
Even though [Thought, Although] we all tried our best, we lost the game. 雖然我們已盡了最大的力量,但還是輸了。
3.不過,在實際語言運用中,even if與even though有時也可不加區(qū)別地混用。如:
Even if [Even though] she laughs at him, he likes her. 盡管她嘲笑他,他還是很喜歡她。
We thoroughly understand each other, even if [even though] we don’t always agree. 我們彼此非常了解,雖然有時候也有一些分歧。
4.no matter
what(who,which,when,etc.)與whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc.)的區(qū)別:
當引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,兩者相同,可以互換(what=the thing, whatever = anyting),但當引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句)時則只能用whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc)。如上面最后兩個例句可改為:
However pure the water looks, I do not want to drink it.
I want to marry the man I love, no matter who he may be.
下面句子不能用no matter結(jié)構(gòu)(no matter不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句):
Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize.(主語從句)
I am ready to do whatever you want me to .(賓語從句)
例證:
Whatever you did,I will accept.為讓步狀語從句.
I will accept whatever you did.為賓語從句.
5.as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,as意為“雖然,盡管”,通常從句要倒裝,倒裝的方法是將從句的表語或狀語放在as之前,而用though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時句字則不必倒裝(口語中也可倒裝)。
e.g. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.
Young as he is, he knows a lot = Though he is young 或 Young though he is,he….
他雖然年輕,但懂得很多。(though 也有這種用法,可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法)
注意,名詞提句首時,不加冠詞:
e.g:teacher as he is, he likes Chinese very much(teacher 前不加a或the)。
though還可以用作副詞,放在句末。如:
It was a hard job, I enjoyed it, though = It was a hard job, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦,但是我喜歡干。
6.用though/although, as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,句中不能用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折語氣。
不能說:Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.
而要說:Though he looks weak, he is healthy.
或者說:He looks weak, but he is healthy.
我自己認為讓步就是存在一定條件下的說法.
though和although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,不可以與but連用。漢語中用"雖然……但是……”,但英語中只用though,although或but即可。
although/though he is very old, he still works very hard. =(he is very old, he still works very hard)雖然他老了,但他仍然很努力地工作。不可說:although/though he is very old, but he still works very hard。
though和although可以與yet連用。此處yet雖與but同義,但它不是連詞,而是副詞。
though l knew the fact,yet l didnt say anything。盡管我知道,但我什么都沒說。
7.however 用作副詞,不可連接句子。但可置于第二句的句首、句末或句中。要特別注意標點的使用。
eg: Alice is a good student.However, she has one shortcoming.愛麗絲是一個很好的學生,但她仍有缺點。
He has not arrived. He may, however, come later.
The composition is all right.There is room for improvement,however.
8.除以上提到的從句連詞外,表示讓步的介詞短語有despite, in spite of,后接名詞。eg. Despite all these facts, we cannot ignore the advantages of learning through internet.
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:讓步狀語從句例句
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
她和她媽媽一樣脾氣很壞
The house is three times as big as ours.
這房子是我們的三倍大
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
你運動的越多,你就越健康
Food is to men what oil is to machine.
食物之于人,猶如油之于機器。
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