2017年高考英語語法必考知識點：比較狀語從句

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▲高考英語語法必考知識點：比較狀語從句

狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。比較狀語從句是其中的一種，主要運用于形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級及最高級的句子之中。原級：as…as（和……一樣），not so（as）…as …（和不一樣）；比較級：more…than（更）；最高級：The most…in/of， the + 形容詞+est…of/in。常用引導詞：as（同級比較），than（不同程度的比較）；特殊引導詞：the more … the more … ； no … more than；not A so much as B。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：比較狀語從句

通常由as或than引起，這類從句和大多數(shù)狀語從句不同，它們不修飾動詞，而是修飾as，so，less，more等副詞，或其他比較級的詞，如 taller， harder．在這里討論它們，不是作為動詞修飾語，而是作為一種狀語從句。包含這類從句的句子通常為L，即從句在后：

She is as tall as I（or me）．

He works as hard as his brother（does）．

He does not work as hard as his brother．

He does not work so hard as his brother．

No other men work as（or so） hard as his brother （does）．

No other men work as hard as does his brother．

She is taller than I（or me）．

I cannot persuade him any more than your persuade a pillar．（= I am unable to persuade him，just as you are unable to persuade a pillar．）

I can forget her no more than she（forgets）me．

Nothing is more dangerous than that you （should） make friends with him．

I will help you rather than that you（should）have any trouble．

It is better that we should die rather than that we（should）be slaves．

He is only less silly than（= almost as silly as）John．

Than him nobody is more clever．（= He is the cleverest man．）（than在這里的作用更接近介詞）

Than this there are no better places．（This is the best place．）

I know John，than whom I have never seen a sillier man．

比較狀語從句(adverbial clause of comparison)從某種角度上說，它也是一種方式狀語從句，它通?？珊鸵韵玛P聯(lián)詞來引導as(或so)...as, than, according as, in proportion as等。如：

1、as...as...

He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒來得和入睡一樣突然。(第一個as是副詞)

I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. 我從未見過像那個二月那么多雨。(否定結構常用so…as, 也可用as... as)

2、than

Man developed earlier than people think. 人類的出現(xiàn)比人們所想的要早。

He moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行動起來比他妹妹慢。

The youth of today are better off than we used to be. 今天的年輕人比我們過去的境況要好。

3、according as

You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己決定。

You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 你受表揚還是責備得看你的工作好壞決定。

4、in proportion as

Men are happy in proportion as they are virtuous. 人之幸福與德行成正比。

Some people are happy in proportion as they are noticed. 有些人越受到注意就越高興。

5、The most…in/of

This book is the most interesting of the three.這本書是三本中最有趣的。

6、the + 形容詞+est…of/in

This road is the busiest street in our city. 這條路是我們城市最繁忙的街道。

7、no more than只不過(嫌少的意思)

I have no more than two pens.我只有兩支筆。

It’s no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不過一英里。

not more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者)

Jack is not more diligent than John.捷克不如約翰勤奮。

one of the + 名詞(復數(shù))….之一(用于最高級)

Han Mei is one of the best students in our school. 韓梅是我們學校最好的學生之一。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：比較狀語從句的種類

(1)同級比較。

英語中表示同級比較的詞有as+形容詞或副詞原形+as；the same as，not so+形容詞或副詞原形+as(不如…)等。)

例1：Do you enjoy listening to records I find records are often _____, or better than an actual performance. (1996.1)

［A］ as good as［B］ as good［C］ good［D］ good as

答案為［A］。這里的as good as和better than 由or連接，構成并列關系。

例2：The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have _____ as the amount of money borrowed.

［A］ as the same value［B］ the same value［C］ value as the same［D］ the value is the same

答案為［B］。the same...as為固定用法。

(2)差級比較。

英語中的差級比較，僅限于兩者之間，常由形容詞或副詞的比較級形式+than 構成。此外還需要注意以下幾點：

①相比較的內(nèi)容在語法形式或結構上要保持一致。

英語中，為了避免重復通常用that，one，those來代替前文出現(xiàn)的同類事物，其中that可以代替可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，those只能代替復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如：

No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labour. (1994.8)

［A］ one［B］ that［C］ such［D］ what

答案為［B］。that代替的是不可數(shù)名詞bread。

②表示倍數(shù)的比較形式常為：修飾語 + as...as.../more...than...。有時第二個as，than后面的比較內(nèi)容會省略。例如：

Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills _____ people each year than automobile accidents. (1999.2)

［A］ seven more times［B］ seven times more［C］ over seven times［D］ seven times

答案為［B］。倍數(shù)+ more ...than...為固定結構。

③相比較的內(nèi)容在第二次提到時常可省略。例如：

These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _____ in traditional media. (1999.10)

［A］ exist［B］ exists［C］ existing［D］ to exist

答案為［A］。本句省略了主語——復數(shù)名詞 restrictions，再結合上下文的時態(tài)，可斷定只有［A］ 符合語法。

④常用來修飾比較級的詞語有a little，a lot，much，a bit，far，hardly，slightly，even，still，rather，the，any 等。例如：

He knows little of mathematics, and _____ of chemistry. (1991)

［A］ even［B］ still less［C］ no less［D］ still more

答案為［B］。由 and 一詞可知前后兩個分句間為并列或遞進關系，所以可排除［A］、 ［C］、 ［D］。只有［B］ 符合語法和句子意思。

2.引導比較狀語從句的特殊句型及詞語

(1)表示比較的特殊詞語：inferior to，senior to，prior to，superior to，junior to，preferable to，minor to等。例如：

Their watch is _____ to all the other watches on the market. (1991)

［A］ superior［B］ advantageous［C］ super［D］ beneficial

答案為［A］。能和to搭配的選項有［A］、［B］ 和［D］。但根據(jù)句中空格前后出現(xiàn)的相同成分watch可知這是兩者之間進行比較，而選項中只有［A］ superior to有比較的意義，指“比…高級，質(zhì)量好”。

(2)特殊的比較句型：not so much...as...(與其說…，不如說…)；not/no more...than...(兩者一樣都不…)；not any/no less...than...(兩者一樣都…)；just as...so...(正如…，也…)等。

例1：It wasn't so much that I disliked her _____ that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.(2000.9)

［A］ rather［B］ so［C］ than［D］ as

答案為［D］。本句的基本結構仍然是not so much...as...，只是so和as后面接的是that引導的從句。本句大意是：與其說我不喜歡她，不如說我對整件事情根本不感興趣。

例2：The heart is _____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. (1994.4)

［A］ not so［B］ not much［C］ much more ［D］ no more.

答案為［D］。全句意為：心臟和胃一樣都不聰明，因為它們都受控于大腦。

3.最高級

英語中的最高級常用the +形容詞或副詞的最高級形式，注意這種形式僅限于三者或三者以上，且常有表示比較范圍的介詞in, over, of, among等。如

The Social Security Retirement Program is made of two trust funds, _____ could go penniless by next year. (1997.1)

［A］ the larger one［B］ the larger of which［C］ the largest one［D］ the largest of which

答案為［B］。本題涉及兩個方面的語法問題：一是定語從句的使用，二是形容詞的比較級和最高級。首先，從句子的結構來看，空格前面的部分是一個完整的句子，而且在空格的前面是一個名詞結構two trust funds，這就說明空格所在的部分是一個非限定性定語從句，因此，我們可以排除選擇項［A］、［C］。同樣它也表明這是兩者之間的比較，所以要用比較級形式，而非三者或三者以上的最高級形式。這樣，只有［B］ 符合條件。

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