2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

英語(yǔ)中，只含有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并且句子各成分都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句子或分句叫做簡(jiǎn)單句。在簡(jiǎn)單句中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主干，是句子的核心。

把一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)復(fù)合句，一般是將一個(gè)短語(yǔ)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)從句。相反，復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)要把一個(gè)從句變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)短語(yǔ)。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

The foreigners want to know how they can learn to do Chinese Kongfu well. → The foreigners want to know how to learn to do Chinese Kongfu well.

【解析】含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句，可以把賓語(yǔ)從句改為"疑問(wèn)詞+不定式"的結(jié)構(gòu)或者改為"主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)"這種結(jié)構(gòu)；簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句，一般是把賓語(yǔ)擴(kuò)大為賓語(yǔ)從句，其賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)或"情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形"的形式。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby. → She was too weak to take care of her baby.

The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. → The ice on the lake was not thick enough for people to skate on.

【解析】當(dāng)so...that從句是否定句，其主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，可用句型too...to do sth.替換；當(dāng)so...that從句是否定句，其主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不相同，可用句型too...for sb. to do sth. 替換；當(dāng)so...that從句是肯定句，其主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可用...enough to do sth.替換； 當(dāng)so...that從句是肯定句，其主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不相同時(shí)，可用...enough for sb. to do sth.替換。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

Be brave, or you'll lose your chance. → If you aren't brave, you'll lose your chance.

Come on, or we'll miss the early bus. → If we don't hurry, we'll miss the early bus.

【解析】 "祈使句+or+簡(jiǎn)單句"可轉(zhuǎn)換為"if引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句+主句"的句型；"祈使句+and+簡(jiǎn)單句"可轉(zhuǎn)換為"if引導(dǎo)的肯定的條件句+主句"的句型。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

She seems to be worried now. → It seems that she is worried now.

【解析】 seem是關(guān)于內(nèi)心活動(dòng)的用語(yǔ)，含有心中所想象的意思在內(nèi)。seem后接動(dòng)詞不定式，也常用It seems that結(jié)構(gòu)。簡(jiǎn)單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句應(yīng)特別注意它們之間的同義可換性。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

簡(jiǎn)單句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

簡(jiǎn)單句本身可以通過(guò)對(duì)句子成分(包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ))或句型自身的調(diào)整來(lái)表達(dá)相同或相近的意思。常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換方法有：① "詞與詞的轉(zhuǎn)換"(如：反義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、同義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換)；② "詞與短語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換"(of屬格與's屬格的轉(zhuǎn)換、時(shí)間表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)換等)；③"句式與句式的轉(zhuǎn)換"(如：How old is (are)...與What is sb.'s age的轉(zhuǎn)換、How do you like...與What do you think of... 的轉(zhuǎn)換、"動(dòng)詞 + sb. + sth."與"動(dòng)詞 + sth. + 介詞 + sb."的轉(zhuǎn)換等)。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday. → It took us twenty minutes to clean the room yesterday.

The motorbike cost him 7,000 yuan last year. → He paid / spent 7,000 yuan for / on (buying) the motorbike last year.

【解析】 spend與take都可以表示"做某事花某人多少時(shí)間或金錢(qián)"。 spend的主語(yǔ)用某人表示； take的主語(yǔ)用it。即"(Somebody)spend some time (in) doing sth. / on sth."這一句型可換成"It takes / took somebody some time to do sth." 句型。兩個(gè)句型都可表示"某人花若干時(shí)間做某事"。但在轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，應(yīng)注意語(yǔ)序的變化，尤其是前一個(gè)句型中(in) doing或on sth.，在后一個(gè)句型中應(yīng)改為to do sth.。"spend...doing sth."相當(dāng)于pay...for, 它們之間可轉(zhuǎn)換使用。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

Jane says science isn't so interesting as music to her. → Jane says science is less interesting than music to her.

She rides a bicycle more carefully than anyone else in her class. → She is the most careful bicycle rider in her class.

【解析】常見(jiàn)的比較等級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換有：①"not so / as+原級(jí)+ as"可改為"比較級(jí)+ than"；② "not so / as+原級(jí)+as"可改為"less+原級(jí)(多音節(jié)詞)+than"；③ "最高級(jí)+of / in短語(yǔ)"可改為"比較級(jí)+than any other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / than any of the others / anyone else / anything else"；④"like...better (than)"可改為"prefer...(to)"。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

The exhibition of children's art began a few days ago. → The exhibition of children's art has been on for a few days.

My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago. → My grandpa has been in the Party for thirty years.

Sam's grandfather died 10 years ago. → Sam's grandfather has been dead for 10 years.

【解析】含一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換是很常用的。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能。但是，可以用別的方式來(lái)表達(dá)：①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于"一段時(shí)間+ago"的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改寫(xiě)成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；③ 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于"It is +一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)"的句型中；④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于"Some time + has / have passed + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)"的句型中。另外，將來(lái)時(shí)"be going to"結(jié)構(gòu)與"will / shall"結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換；進(jìn)行時(shí)(如come , go動(dòng)詞)可與將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

You must throw the broken pottery away at once. → The broken pottery must be thrown away at once.

Every one should give back his or her library books on time. → Library books should be returned on time.

People make great use of computers widely in the world. → Computers are widely used in the world.

【解析】

①主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的方法是：首先把主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，再把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，最后加上介詞by的賓語(yǔ)(有時(shí)可省略)；

②被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句的方法是：先把被動(dòng)句中by的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(如被動(dòng)句中省略了介詞by及其賓語(yǔ)，一般可以用 we, you, they等作主語(yǔ))，再把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(即把be去掉)，最后把被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)改為主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)句中be的時(shí)態(tài)一致；

③在let, make, hear, see, watch等后的動(dòng)詞不定式在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要加上to；

④雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則應(yīng)在間接賓語(yǔ)前加上相應(yīng)的介詞to或for。如：

Li Lei was given a bike by Mr Wang. → Mr Wang gave a bike to Li Lei.

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

二合并一成簡(jiǎn)單句

有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，語(yǔ)言更加生動(dòng)，我們可以把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句合并為簡(jiǎn)單句，這樣，句子意思上的聯(lián)系顯得更密切。

17. Lucy can't sing the English song "Yesterday Once More". And Lily can't sing it, either. → Neither Lucy nor Lily can sing the English song "Yesterday Once More".

18. This store sells men's shoes, and it also sells men's clothes. → This store sells not only men's shoes but also men's clothes.

【解析】

兩個(gè)意義相關(guān)的簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。常見(jiàn)的方式有三類(lèi)：①用both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, not...but等連接詞合并。由not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，通常遵循就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)需根據(jù)后面的名詞(詞組)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定；②用too...to, enough to等含不定式結(jié)構(gòu)合并；③用分詞短語(yǔ)合并。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

二合并一成復(fù)合句

由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)復(fù)合句，多把一個(gè)分句轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)從句。如：

19. "Did you sleep well last night" David asked her. → David asked her if / whether she slept well last night.

20. I won't go with my brother, he thinks. → He doesn't think I will go with my brother.

21. Where does he live I don't know. →I don't know where he lives.

【解析】構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意三點(diǎn)：

①賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是否缺少或用錯(cuò)；

②賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序是否是陳述句的語(yǔ)序；

③賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)是否與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換的練習(xí)題

【測(cè)試】按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子。每空限填一詞。

1. There is a strong wind today.

It's very ________ today.

2. What's the weather like in America

________ ________ the weather in America

3. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs (分貝) here.

The noise must ________ ________ under 50 dbs here.

4. Wu Dong joined the League three years ago.

Wu Dong has ________ in the League ________ three years.

5. I didn't know what I should say.

I didn't know what ________ ________.

6. Does the shop close at six every day Do you know

Do you know ________ the shop ________ at six every day

7. Lucy is the tallest girl in her class.

Lucy is ________ than ________ ________ girl in her class.

8. Tom is in the football team. Jim is in the football team, too.

________ Tom ________ Jim ________ on the football team.

9. John will go to bed after he finishes his homework.

John ________ ________ to bed ________ he finishes his homework.

10. He was so happy that he couldn't say a word when he was told the news.

He was ________ happy ________ say a word when he was told the news.

Key:

1. windy 2. How is / How about / What about 3. be kept 4. been; for 5. to say 6. if; closes 7. taller; any other 8. Both; and; are 9. won't go; until 10. too; to。

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