2017年高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

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▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

英語中，只含有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并且句子各成分都只由單詞或短語構(gòu)成的獨立句子或分句叫做簡單句。在簡單句中主語和謂語是句子的主干，是句子的核心。

把一個簡單句轉(zhuǎn)換成一個復合句，一般是將一個短語變?yōu)橐粋€從句。相反，復合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句時要把一個從句變?yōu)橐粋€短語。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

The foreigners want to know how they can learn to do Chinese Kongfu well. → The foreigners want to know how to learn to do Chinese Kongfu well.

【解析】含賓語從句的復合句變?yōu)楹唵尉?，可以把賓語從句改為"疑問詞+不定式"的結(jié)構(gòu)或者改為"主語+謂語+賓語+賓補"這種結(jié)構(gòu)；簡單句變復合句，一般是把賓語擴大為賓語從句，其賓語從句應該用將來時或"情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形"的形式。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby. → She was too weak to take care of her baby.

The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. → The ice on the lake was not thick enough for people to skate on.

【解析】當so...that從句是否定句，其主語與主句主語相同，可用句型too...to do sth.替換；當so...that從句是否定句，其主語與主句主語不相同，可用句型too...for sb. to do sth. 替換；當so...that從句是肯定句，其主語與主句主語相同時，可用...enough to do sth.替換； 當so...that從句是肯定句，其主語與主句主語不相同時，可用...enough for sb. to do sth.替換。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

Be brave, or you'll lose your chance. → If you aren't brave, you'll lose your chance.

Come on, or we'll miss the early bus. → If we don't hurry, we'll miss the early bus.

【解析】 "祈使句+or+簡單句"可轉(zhuǎn)換為"if引導的否定的條件句+主句"的句型；"祈使句+and+簡單句"可轉(zhuǎn)換為"if引導的肯定的條件句+主句"的句型。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

She seems to be worried now. → It seems that she is worried now.

【解析】 seem是關(guān)于內(nèi)心活動的用語，含有心中所想象的意思在內(nèi)。seem后接動詞不定式，也常用It seems that結(jié)構(gòu)。簡單句變?yōu)閺秃暇鋺貏e注意它們之間的同義可換性。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

簡單句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

簡單句本身可以通過對句子成分(包括主語、謂語、賓語、狀語和定語)或句型自身的調(diào)整來表達相同或相近的意思。常見的轉(zhuǎn)換方法有：① "詞與詞的轉(zhuǎn)換"(如：反義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、同義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換)；② "詞與短語的轉(zhuǎn)換"(of屬格與's屬格的轉(zhuǎn)換、時間表達的轉(zhuǎn)換等)；③"句式與句式的轉(zhuǎn)換"(如：How old is (are)...與What is sb.'s age的轉(zhuǎn)換、How do you like...與What do you think of... 的轉(zhuǎn)換、"動詞 + sb. + sth."與"動詞 + sth. + 介詞 + sb."的轉(zhuǎn)換等)。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday. → It took us twenty minutes to clean the room yesterday.

The motorbike cost him 7,000 yuan last year. → He paid / spent 7,000 yuan for / on (buying) the motorbike last year.

【解析】 spend與take都可以表示"做某事花某人多少時間或金錢"。 spend的主語用某人表示； take的主語用it。即"(Somebody)spend some time (in) doing sth. / on sth."這一句型可換成"It takes / took somebody some time to do sth." 句型。兩個句型都可表示"某人花若干時間做某事"。但在轉(zhuǎn)換時，應注意語序的變化，尤其是前一個句型中(in) doing或on sth.，在后一個句型中應改為to do sth.。"spend...doing sth."相當于pay...for, 它們之間可轉(zhuǎn)換使用。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

Jane says science isn't so interesting as music to her. → Jane says science is less interesting than music to her.

She rides a bicycle more carefully than anyone else in her class. → She is the most careful bicycle rider in her class.

【解析】常見的比較等級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換有：①"not so / as+原級+ as"可改為"比較級+ than"；② "not so / as+原級+as"可改為"less+原級(多音節(jié)詞)+than"；③ "最高級+of / in短語"可改為"比較級+than any other+復數(shù)名詞 / than any of the others / anyone else / anything else"；④"like...better (than)"可改為"prefer...(to)"。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

The exhibition of children's art began a few days ago. → The exhibition of children's art has been on for a few days.

My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago. → My grandpa has been in the Party for thirty years.

Sam's grandfather died 10 years ago. → Sam's grandfather has been dead for 10 years.

【解析】含一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時句式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換是很常用的。在現(xiàn)在完成時中，延續(xù)性動詞與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞不能。但是，可以用別的方式來表達：①瞬間動詞用于"一段時間+ago"的一般過去時的句型中；②瞬間動詞可改寫成與之相對應的延續(xù)性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；③ 瞬間動詞用于"It is +一段時間+since+一般過去時"的句型中；④瞬間動詞用于"Some time + has / have passed + since + 一般過去時"的句型中。另外，將來時"be going to"結(jié)構(gòu)與"will / shall"結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換；進行時(如come , go動詞)可與將來時的轉(zhuǎn)換。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

You must throw the broken pottery away at once. → The broken pottery must be thrown away at once.

Every one should give back his or her library books on time. → Library books should be returned on time.

People make great use of computers widely in the world. → Computers are widely used in the world.

【解析】

①主動句變被動句的方法是：首先把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，再把謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，最后加上介詞by的賓語(有時可省略)；

②被動句變?yōu)橹鲃泳涞姆椒ㄊ牵合劝驯粍泳渲衎y的賓語變?yōu)橹鲃泳涞闹髡Z(如被動句中省略了介詞by及其賓語，一般可以用 we, you, they等作主語)，再把謂語動詞改為主動語態(tài)(即把be去掉)，最后把被動句的主語改為主動句的賓語，主動句的時態(tài)與被動句中be的時態(tài)一致；

③在let, make, hear, see, watch等后的動詞不定式在主動語態(tài)中不帶to，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要加上to；

④雙賓語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，則應在間接賓語前加上相應的介詞to或for。如：

Li Lei was given a bike by Mr Wang. → Mr Wang gave a bike to Li Lei.

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

二合并一成簡單句

有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，語言更加生動，我們可以把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句合并為簡單句，這樣，句子意思上的聯(lián)系顯得更密切。

17. Lucy can't sing the English song "Yesterday Once More". And Lily can't sing it, either. → Neither Lucy nor Lily can sing the English song "Yesterday Once More".

18. This store sells men's shoes, and it also sells men's clothes. → This store sells not only men's shoes but also men's clothes.

【解析】

兩個意義相關(guān)的簡單句合并為一個簡單句。常見的方式有三類：①用both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, not...but等連接詞合并。由not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor等連接的并列主語，通常遵循就近原則，即謂語需根據(jù)后面的名詞(詞組)的單復數(shù)而定；②用too...to, enough to等含不定式結(jié)構(gòu)合并；③用分詞短語合并。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

二合并一成復合句

由兩個簡單句合并成一個復合句，多把一個分句轉(zhuǎn)換成一個從句。如：

19. "Did you sleep well last night" David asked her. → David asked her if / whether she slept well last night.

20. I won't go with my brother, he thinks. → He doesn't think I will go with my brother.

21. Where does he live I don't know. →I don't know where he lives.

【解析】構(gòu)成賓語從句應注意三點：

①賓語從句的引導詞是否缺少或用錯；

②賓語從句語序是否是陳述句的語序；

③賓語從句的時態(tài)是否與主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)相呼應。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換的練習題

【測試】按要求改寫下列句子。每空限填一詞。

1. There is a strong wind today.

It's very ________ today.

2. What's the weather like in America

________ ________ the weather in America

3. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs (分貝) here.

The noise must ________ ________ under 50 dbs here.

4. Wu Dong joined the League three years ago.

Wu Dong has ________ in the League ________ three years.

5. I didn't know what I should say.

I didn't know what ________ ________.

6. Does the shop close at six every day Do you know

Do you know ________ the shop ________ at six every day

7. Lucy is the tallest girl in her class.

Lucy is ________ than ________ ________ girl in her class.

8. Tom is in the football team. Jim is in the football team, too.

________ Tom ________ Jim ________ on the football team.

9. John will go to bed after he finishes his homework.

John ________ ________ to bed ________ he finishes his homework.

10. He was so happy that he couldn't say a word when he was told the news.

He was ________ happy ________ say a word when he was told the news.

Key:

1. windy 2. How is / How about / What about 3. be kept 4. been; for 5. to say 6. if; closes 7. taller; any other 8. Both; and; are 9. won't go; until 10. too; to。

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