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▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):完全倒裝和部分倒裝
完全倒裝
1) 完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語放到主語之前(是整個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,而非助動(dòng)詞)。
例如:The teacher came in and the class began.(沒有倒裝)
In came the teacher and the class began. (老師走了進(jìn)來,然后開始上課。)
2) there引出的完全倒裝句:除了最常見的there be句型以外,there還可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等,一般都譯成"有"的含義,構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(遠(yuǎn)處有個(gè)穿黑色衣服的人。)
3) 由地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間副詞引出的完全倒裝句:以地點(diǎn)副詞here,there和時(shí)間副詞now,then開頭,后面的動(dòng)詞是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand(表移動(dòng)或動(dòng)態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞)等,而主語又是名詞時(shí),構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
4)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首,謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞且主語是名詞時(shí)使用完全倒裝
5)在強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語時(shí)1)當(dāng)句首狀語為方位詞或擬聲詞,謂語動(dòng)詞為go,come等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞時(shí)句子須倒裝。例如:
1 Up went the plane.
2 In came the chairman and the meeting began.
注:如果主語是代詞則不發(fā)生倒裝。例如:
1 they rushed out!
2 he bent Lower and lower.
(2) 當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)、方向等的介詞詞組時(shí),句子須倒裝。例如:
1 Round the corner walked a large policeman.
2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
3 當(dāng)句首狀語由“only +副詞”,“only +介詞詞組”,“only +狀語從句”構(gòu)成時(shí),句子須倒裝。例如:
1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不屬于完全倒裝)
2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
(6)當(dāng)句首狀語為here,there,now,then等時(shí),句子須倒裝,主語是代詞時(shí),句子不用倒裝。例如:
1)Here is a ticket for you.
2)Now comes your turn.
3)Here he comes.
(7)以關(guān)聯(lián)詞so (…that)開頭的句子中,句子須倒裝。例如:
1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
注:在該結(jié)構(gòu)中,“so +形容詞”是表語的前置;“so +副詞”是狀語的前置。
.在直接引語之后
在敘事性書面語中,直接引語后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之類的詞語。在這些
詞語中,動(dòng)詞常在主語之前,主語是代詞時(shí),不用倒裝。例如:
1)“What do you mean” asked Henry.
2)“What do you mean” he asked.
. often,many a time等表示頻度的狀語置于句首時(shí)
例如:Often did they think of going there,but they never had a chance.
12.在as,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中
在as,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,一般將形容詞、副詞或名詞等置于句首。例如:
1)Small as the atom is,we can smash it.
2)Big as the workpiece is,it is turned out with
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。
Out he rushed.
注意:
1) 在here,there引出的倒裝句中,當(dāng)主語是普通名詞時(shí)用完全倒裝句,但當(dāng)主語是代詞時(shí),就要用部分倒裝句。若主語為人稱代詞,句子不倒裝。
例:Here comes the postman!(郵遞員終于來了!注意實(shí)意謂語動(dòng)詞位于主語之前。)
Here we are.(我們到了。注意系動(dòng)詞位于主語代詞之后。)
2) 當(dāng)主語是代詞,謂語是系動(dòng)詞,表語是說明性的詞、詞組和定語從句時(shí),可以使用完全倒裝句,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸運(yùn),被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。)
Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(中國(guó)典型的是相聲表演,兩個(gè)喜劇演員通過文字游戲逗樂觀眾)
13.有時(shí)為了使句子平衡,或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語,常把作表語的形容詞,過去分詞,不定式或介詞短語置于句首,此時(shí)需用完全倒裝。
Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS
▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):完全倒裝和部分倒裝
部分倒裝
1) 部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分(如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等)放到主語前,或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about(疾病沒有使他放棄過上夢(mèng)想中的生活)
2) 以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前、甚至補(bǔ)充助動(dòng)詞的用法:例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。) In no country other than Britain,it had been said,can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(據(jù)說除了英國(guó)世界上沒有哪個(gè)國(guó)家能讓人在一天中感受到四季變化)
3) 以否定副詞開頭并加狀語放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely…… when,never,no sooner…… than,rarely,no more,not nearly,not only等以及only。Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
4)一些如scarcely……when,no sooner ……than,hardly……when引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句主句要求使用過去完成式。注意:在部分倒裝句中,只有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞to be可以置于主語之前,其它部分都要置于主語之后。
5)此外,一些介詞+no+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用部分倒裝,這些結(jié)構(gòu)包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意:
a) 如果含有從句時(shí),只要求主句倒裝:例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。)
b) 如果上述否定副詞出現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的前半部分,不用倒裝:
例:It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.(直到他出國(guó)以后才了解到事實(shí)真相。)
c) 如果hardly,scarcely后面接的是any,ever,at all時(shí),意義類似almost no/ not/ never(幾乎不、從不),則無須倒裝。
例:Hardly any people invited went there.(幾乎沒有什么受到邀請(qǐng)的人去那里了。)
6) 由no matter how,however和how引導(dǎo)的狀語從句要求部分倒裝,因?yàn)樾稳菰~或副詞通常緊跟在這三個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞后面,然后才是主語和謂語,形成形式上的部分倒裝句:
例:I know nothing about this river,neither how long,how wide nor how deep it is.(我一點(diǎn)也不了解這條河,不知道它有多長(zhǎng),多寬或多深。)
7) 由as引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句:
a) 當(dāng)as作為比較意義時(shí),即用于as + adj./ adv. + as結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí),如果把第一個(gè)as省略掉,就形成部分倒裝句。
例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was),she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一樣謹(jǐn)慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的問題。)
She charged the stairs,quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑上樓去,跑得象兔子那么快?。?/p>
b) 當(dāng) as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語時(shí),和although,though一樣,當(dāng)用作“盡管”之義時(shí),可以用于部分倒裝句。
Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam.(雖然他很用功,但他還是沒及格)
c) 表示原因時(shí),為了強(qiáng)調(diào)起見,也可以倒裝。
例:Tired as he was,we decided not to disturb him.(因?yàn)樗哿?,我們決定不打擾他。)
d) 等于so時(shí),意義是“也,也是”
例:She worked hard,so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
so,neither,nor倒裝
除了構(gòu)成上述倒裝句以外,還可以取代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話,構(gòu)成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句。但這兩種倒裝的意義不同。
a) 當(dāng)so表示“也,相同,那樣”時(shí),通常表示對(duì)前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內(nèi)容,要求使用完全倒裝句:
He promised to finish my homework,so did I.
b) so /such ……that句型可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分:
例:So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.
c)也存在such+be+主語的情況用以強(qiáng)調(diào),例如Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.(阿爾伯特愛因斯坦是一個(gè)有偉大成就的普通人)
d) neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式,其含義分別為:
1) 完全倒裝時(shí):表示"也不",和上文a)用法正好相反,表示對(duì)前一句否定句的贊同或一致內(nèi)容。
例:You don't know what to do now,neither/ nor do I .(你不知道現(xiàn)在該做什么,我也不知道。)
2) 和其它否定副詞連用,表示"也(不)",也要求用完全倒裝句:
例:The besieged enemy could not advance,nor / neither retreat could they .(被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn),也不能退。)
注意:若把這句話改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn),也不能退。)"就不必倒裝。
She never laughed,nor did she ever lose her temper.
3) 用在肯定句里,構(gòu)成一般否定倒裝:
例:All that is true,nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我們可不能忘記。)
部分倒裝作用
有承上啟下作用,表示同意和贊同:
例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我?guī)筒涣怂?。?/p>
B: Nor you could,but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能幫她,但你本可以找人幫她的。)
2) 在進(jìn)行比較的句子里,如果主語不是代詞時(shí),可以倒裝:
例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美國(guó)消耗的能源比我們國(guó)家多。)
3)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒裝。如May you happy.
4)在文學(xué)作品中常出現(xiàn)倒裝,有些是由于語法習(xí)慣,有些是為了簡(jiǎn)單的修辭,如Not even one cloud will I bring away(不帶走一片云彩).
不用倒裝的地方
注:如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝.
Only Wang Ling knows this .
如果直接引語后注明引語是什么人說的,而且主語是名詞時(shí),用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);主語是代詞時(shí),一般不用倒裝。
" Let's go," said the man .
2017年高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):倒裝句
2017年高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):省略句的類型和用法
2017年高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):省略現(xiàn)象
2017年高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):省略句
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