2017年高考英語語法必考知識點：省略句

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▲高考英語語法必考知識點：省略句

按照語法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分，有時出于修辭上的需要，在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences）這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略”（ellipsis or leaving words out）。其特點是：雖然省去句子語法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達其完整的意義。省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：省略句的分類

（ 1 ）省略介詞

I ' ve studied English (for) five years. 我已學(xué)五年英語了。

（ 2 ）省略連詞that

I believe (that) you will succeed ． 我相信你們會成功的。

It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走，真遺憾。

I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她會幫你的。

注：在賓語從句中，當(dāng)有兩個及以上并列從句時，第一個that可省，以后的均不可省。

（ 3 ）省略關(guān)系代詞

I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都給你。

3.句子成分的省略

（ 1 ）省略主語

Beg your pardon. （我）請你原諒。（ Beg 前省略了主語 I ）

Take care! 保重?。?Take 前省略了主語 you ）

Looks as if it will rain. 看起來象要下雨。（ Looks 前省略了主語 it ）

（ 2 ）省略謂語

Who next 該誰了（ Who 后面省略了謂語 comes ）

The river was deep and the ice thin. （ ice 后面省略了 was ）

We ' ll do the best we can. 我們將盡力而為。（ can 后面省略了動詞do ）

（ 3 ）省略表語

Are you ready Yes, I am. 你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎 我準(zhǔn)備好了。（ am 后面省略了 ready ）

He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他還是象年輕時那樣，是一位運動愛好者。（ had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ）

（ 4 ）省略賓語

Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 讓我們洗碗吧，我來洗，你來揩干。（ wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語 dishes ）

（ 5 ）省略定語

He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那錢他花了部分，其余的他都存了起來。（ the rest 后面省略了定語 of the money ）

（ 6 ）省略狀語

He was not hurt. Strange! 他沒有受傷，真奇怪?。?Strange 前面省略了狀語 how ）

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：省略句的難點辨析

1. 省略句可同時省掉句子幾個成份

What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多么令人激動的消息?。?/p>

Pity he ' s failed. (= It is a pity that he ' s failed.) 很遺憾，他失敗了。

I like him more than her. (= I like him more than I like her.) 我喜歡他更甚于喜歡她。

2. 英語中有一些固定的省略結(jié)構(gòu)：

a) 在以 if, when, though, as if （好像）等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句中，如從句中的主要動詞是 be ，常將主語和動詞 be 省略。

If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我們就往家里打電報。

Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就來幫助我。

While cycling, don ' t forget the traffic lights. 騎車時，不要忘記看紅綠燈。

b) 由固定詞組引導(dǎo)的疑問句：

What about having a game of chess 下盤棋怎么樣

How come they left you alone here 他們怎么會把你一人留在這里呢

What if it ' s raining 如果天下雨怎么辦

Why not try again 為什么不再試試呢

c) 在口語中，為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動詞原形而只留下不定式符號 to 。

He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走，如果他愿意的話。

Don ' t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。

3. 被省略的部分一般可以在句子中補上，但有時省略結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)定型，如果把省略部分補上，反而不合乎習(xí)慣。

He is taller than I am. 他比我高。（ am 之后省略 tall ，補上不合習(xí)慣）

No parking. 禁止停車。（告示用語 = No parking is allowed here. ）

有一些習(xí)慣表達很難補上所省略的部分：

Not at all. 不用謝。

No matter. 不要緊。

Thanks. 謝謝。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：句式中的省略

1. 簡單句中的省略：

（1）Looks like rain.

（2）Hope to hear from you soon.

（3）Sounds like a good idea.

（4）Beg your pardon.

（5）Feeling better today

（6）This way, please.

（7）—What does he want to eat

—Some rice and vegetables.

（8）Anything I can do for you

（9）Sorry to hear that.

（10）Doesn’t matter.

（11）Terrible weather!

（12）Pity you couldn’t come.

2. 并列句中的省略：

在并列句中，相同的成分如主語，謂語，賓語等都可以省略：

（1）They learn French and we English.

（2）My father planned and built all these houses.

（3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second.

（4）Coral is not a plant buta variety of animal life.

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：省略句的練習(xí)

I. 改寫句子 使用省略手段避免下面各句重復(fù)與冗贅 :

1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don ' t know who has used it.

2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.

3. I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class.

4. --- Has he ever been abroad

--- No, he has never been abroad.

5. If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time.

6. You must not be late and you must not be absent.

7. Give me your name and address, please.

8. It is well done.

9. Mother can take a rest, Mother should take a rest but Mother won ' t take a rest after long hours of work.

10.He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn ' t answer the questions.

II. 單項選擇 從 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案：

1. --- I won ' t do it any more. --- ________

A. Why don ' t B. Why don ' t do it any more

C. Why not D. Why not to

2. Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.

A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told

3. --- Will you waste your time and money on that --- Certainly ________.

A. I not B. don ' t C. not D. no

4. --- Mary didn ' t attend the lecture, did she --- Yes, she ________.

A. attended B. didn ' t attend C. didn ' t D. did

5. --- What ' s Joan doing

--- _________ newspapers in the room.

A. She reading B. She reads

C. To read D. Reading

6. _________ always succeed.

A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever

C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever

7. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy --- __________

A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me

8. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.

A. any more B. many more C. much more D. no more

9. --- I ' ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat

--- Not at all. _________.

A. I ' ve no time B. I ' d rather not C. I ' d like to D. I ' d be happy to

10. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant

--- _________. It ' s too expensive.

A. Why not B. I agree C. I'm afraid not D. I'm sure

答案： CDCDD ADBDC

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