2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

2016/09/29 11:20:02文/網(wǎng)編3

學(xué)分網(wǎng)給各位考生整理了2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),希望對大家有所幫助。更多的資訊請持續(xù)關(guān)注學(xué)分網(wǎng)。(http://mlvmservice.com/)

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義

1、尚未完成:

He had been writing the novel.(他沒有完成它)

2、企圖:

He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.(他一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)它)

3、未得結(jié)果:

We had been studying what our enemy had said.(但我們不能理解)

4、最近情況:

He had been quarrelling with his wife.(近來)

5、反復(fù)動作:

He had been asking me the same question.(多次,常常)

6、情緒:

What had he been doing(不耐煩)

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由"had been +現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。

She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。

They had been expecting the news for some time他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧

Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.盡管拉斐爾沒做什么錯事,但他還是挨罵了。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn)

這種時(shí)態(tài)很少用在否定句中,而多以過去完成時(shí)代替:

He had not practised English for many years.(普通說法)

He had not been practising English for many years.(少見)

這種時(shí)態(tài)還可用在said,supposed等引起的間接引語中,代替現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):

He said:“I have been speaking to John."= He said that he had been speaking to John.

He thought:“She was watching me when I passed.”= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed.

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) (The present perfect progressive) 由 have/has been +-ing 分詞構(gòu)成;

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)( The past perfect progressive tenses )由 had been +-ing 分詞構(gòu)成.

現(xiàn)在/過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法:

A. 在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動作用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)來強(qiáng)調(diào)動作在某段時(shí)間里的持續(xù)性.動作通常有"現(xiàn)在"的結(jié)果,要根據(jù)上下文來確定到"現(xiàn)在"為止,動作是否還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行.同樣,過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去更早時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動作,并對過去某一時(shí)刻產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。

B.表示重復(fù)動作的現(xiàn)在/過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

我們也可以用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式來表示現(xiàn)在或過去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動作

注意:過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)類似,需要有過去這一時(shí)間段

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

1、表示過去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動作。

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始,一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間。和過去完成時(shí)一樣,過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過去時(shí)間為前提。

I had been looking for it for days before I found it.這東西我找了好多天才找著的。

They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他們只等了一會兒車就來了。

2、表示反復(fù)的動作。

He had been mentioning your name to me.他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。

You had been giving me everything.你對我真是有求必應(yīng)。

3、常用于間接引語中

The doctor asked what he had been eating.醫(yī)生問他吃了什么。

I asked where they had been staying all those days.我問他們那些天是呆在哪兒的。

4、接具有“突然”之意when句。

I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來了。

She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她溫習(xí)功課才一會兒,她妹妹就打斷她了。

I had been sleeping when my friend telephone me.我正在睡覺時(shí),我的朋友給我打電話。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的比較

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的用法很相近,它通常表示某個(gè)過去正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài),持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻,還未完成,一直持續(xù)到之后才結(jié)束

He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.(有一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語)

他已經(jīng)等了兩個(gè)星期。他還在等。

Up to that time he had been translating those books.直到那時(shí)他一直在翻譯這些書。

He had been writing the letter till two o'clock.他一直在寫那封信到兩點(diǎn)鐘。

He was thirty years old.He had been gambling since he was ten.(He was still gambling at thirty.)

他三十歲。他從十歲開始就一直在賭博。(三十歲的他仍然賭博。)

He had been standing there in the sun.(沒有時(shí)間狀語)

他一直站在太陽底下。

He had been thinking about his marriage.(沒有時(shí)間狀語)

他一直在對他的婚姻思考。

不過這種時(shí)態(tài)并不一定表示這個(gè)過去動作將持續(xù)下去:

He came back at seven.He had been waiting for her two hours.(At seven he did not wait any more.)

他在七點(diǎn)回來了。他等了她兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(在七點(diǎn)時(shí),他不想再等了。)

He stopped swimming.He had been swimming for the last three hours.他停止了游泳。他已經(jīng)在過去的三小時(shí)內(nèi)游泳。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較

(1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的,而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。如:

We have been cleaning the classroom.(a)

We have cleaned the classroom.(b)

(a)句可譯為“我們打掃教室來著?!逼渲苯咏Y(jié)果可能是:我們身上都是灰。

(b)句可以譯為“我們把教室打掃過了。”其結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在教室很清潔,可以用了。又,

(a)句表示教室剛剛打掃過,

(b)句則可能表示教室是昨天打掃的。

Be careful! John has been painting the door.(a)

John has painted the door.(b)

(a)句表示約翰剛剛把門油漆過,現(xiàn)在油漆還未干,所以你要小心。

(b)句則無此含義,油漆可能已干了。

(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)有延續(xù)性,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往沒有。如:

They have been widening the road.(a)

They have widened the road.(b)

(a)句的意思是他們在加寬馬路,但尚未完工。

(b)句的意思則是已完工了。

有時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有延續(xù)性(如一些屬于持續(xù)體的動詞),但無臨時(shí)性質(zhì)。如:

Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)

Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)

(a)句有“史密斯先生在倫敦久居”的含義,(b)句則沒有。

(3)但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)并不總是具有臨時(shí)的性質(zhì),如:

My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)

My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)

(a)句在此并無臨時(shí)性質(zhì),但較口語化。

(b)句則較為正式。又,

(a)句表示動作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù).并將延續(xù)下去,

(b)句的動作是否延續(xù)下去,須由上下文決定,但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。

(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動作在重復(fù),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如:

Have you been meeting her lately(a)

Have you met her lately(b)

(a)句有“經(jīng)常相會”之意,

(b)句則沒有。(b)句如與often,every day等時(shí)間狀語連用,當(dāng)然也表示動作在重復(fù)。

(5)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動,有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說明一個(gè)事實(shí),一種影響或結(jié)果,平鋪直敘,沒有什么感情色彩可言。如:

What have you been doing(a)

What have you done(b)

(a)句表示驚異。(b)句只是一個(gè)問題。

Have you been waiting long(a)

Have you waited long(b)

(a)句較(b)句生動。又,(a)句比較口語化。

I have been wanting to meet you for long.(a)

I have long wanted to meet you.(b)

(a)句比(b)句更親切,更有禮貌。

Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a)

Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b)

(a)句顯然是在表揚(yáng)瑪麗。(b)只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)。

下面還有一例,頗為有趣:

Who's been eating my apples(a)

Who's eaten my apples(b)

(a)句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩,表示憤怒不滿,(b)句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問題。又,(a)句兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),所以有“蘋果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成時(shí)態(tài),說明“蘋果一個(gè)不剩了”。

推薦閱讀:

2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):從句中的虛擬語氣
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn):條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣

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