2017年高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式作定語

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▲高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式作定語

不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：

①The next train to arrive is from Washington.

②Do you have anything to be taken to your sister

③Do you have anything to say on the question

④Would you please give me some paper to write on

⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式作定語

不定式與所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系

1. 主謂關(guān)系 被修飾的名詞或代詞實際上是不定式的邏輯主語。

如：We need someone to help with the work. （someone will help with the work） 我們需要有人來幫忙干這工作。

2. 動賓關(guān)系 被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語。

如：I have many letters to write. （to write many letters）我有許多信要寫。

3. 同位關(guān)系 不定式與所修飾的名詞指的是一回事。

如：We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我們制定了一個向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)的計劃。

4. 狀語關(guān)系 被修飾的名詞實際上表示動詞不定式動作的方式、時間等。這些名詞多是抽象名詞。

如：That's the way to do it. 那樣做才對。I have no time to go there. 我沒有時間去那兒。

5.不存在主謂、動賓、動狀關(guān)系的

被修飾詞與不定式里的動詞不存在主謂、動賓、動狀關(guān)系的,被修飾詞多是些抽象名詞.

（1）I have no time to go to the movie.

（2）There"s no need to send for a doctor.

（3） Where"s the best place to meet

（4）Is that the way to do it

（5）I"m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone 但是只能做后置定語.不可能前置的.

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式作定語

不定式與其所修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，而該不定式為不及物動詞時，其后須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。

如：

I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一間屋子住。

I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一張寫字用的紙。

There is nothing to worry about. 沒什么可擔(dān)心的。

不定式作定語且所修飾的名詞是time，place或way時，不定式后的介詞一般要省去。

如：He had no money and no place to live.他沒有錢也沒有地方住。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式作定語

當(dāng)不定式修飾的名詞或代詞為不定式動作的承受者時，不定式主動形式與被動形式的含義有所不同。

試對比：

There is nothing to do. 無事可做。(有"無聊感")

There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(即"束手無策"了)

There is nothing to see. 沒有東西值得看。

There is nothing to be seen. 什么東西也看不見。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點：動詞不定式作定語

練習(xí)題

選擇填空。

1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on

2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating

3. It is difficult for a foreigner __________ Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written

4. I have no more letters __________, thank you. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed

5. The car is rather difficult __________. a. to repair b. to be repaired c. repairing d. being repaired

6. He was nowhere __________. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen

7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying

8. We waited for the work __________. a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done

1. He seems ___ the old lady. A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known

2. Tom ___ when they spoke ill of him. A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed

3. We all hope ____ scientists. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became

4. The boy refused ____ for climbing the tall tree. A. to pay B. to be paid C. being paid D. paying

5. I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it. A. having read B. to have read C. to be read D. reading

6. ______ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking

7. It is nice _____ your voice. A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing

8. _____ is to struggle. A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived

9. Her wish is ____ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come

10. I was just about ____ the office when the phone rang. A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving

答案: 1—5BBBAA 6—8 BAD 1-10 CBBAB AACCC

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