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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):表語(yǔ)從句的形式
A
The problem is puzzling.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人困惑。
主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞作表語(yǔ)
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪。
主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+句子作表語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ)從句)
B
連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whichever ,whatever等。還有如because, as if, as though等。
(1) 從屬連詞that。如: The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如: He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問(wèn)題是他們是否能幫我們。 注:從屬連詞if一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,如: All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. 這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。 能跟表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be, seem, look等。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來(lái)天要下雨了。
(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。 如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。 The question is how he did it. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):表語(yǔ)從句例句
一、名詞作表語(yǔ)
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是個(gè)大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
這對(duì)我還是個(gè)難題。
二、代詞作表語(yǔ)
What’s your fax number
你的傳真號(hào)是多少
Who's your best friend
你最好的朋友是誰(shuí)
三、形容詞作表語(yǔ)
I feel much better today.
我今天感覺(jué)好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老,但他很健康。
四、數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一個(gè)知道的人。
五、不定式作表語(yǔ)
Her job is selling computers.
她的工作是銷(xiāo)售電腦。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我們下一步是把原料準(zhǔn)備好。
作表語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)通常是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是如下名詞:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技術(shù)的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁瑣。
Her wish is to become a singer.
她的愿望是當(dāng)一名歌手。
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我們的計(jì)劃就是在兩星期內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
六、介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)
The patient is out of danger.
病人脫險(xiǎn)了。
I don’t feel at ease.
我感到不自在。
七. 副詞作表語(yǔ)
The sun is up.
太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。
I must be off now.
我得走了。
八.從句作表語(yǔ)
This is what he said.
這就是他所說(shuō)的話。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):表語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)
A
表語(yǔ)從句一定要用正常語(yǔ)序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)if/whether(是否)用法辨析:
if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,只能用whether 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)if/whether可以互換,但介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo),同位語(yǔ)從句也只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
C
不像賓語(yǔ)從句,在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D
that在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省掉。表語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是連系動(dòng)詞。
名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)時(shí)被稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)從句。
例如:The problem is how we can get the things we need.問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西。(how 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ))
The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))
What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語(yǔ)從句中作直接賓語(yǔ), that作為表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,但不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ))
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))
“That is why...”是常用句型, 意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語(yǔ), 該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)明過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié), 又如:That is why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne.珍妮, 這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異,說(shuō)話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來(lái)進(jìn)行概括)。// That is why I came. 這就是我來(lái)的原因。
下面是兩個(gè)與“That is why...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu), 它們與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚:
(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義, 只不過(guò)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講, “That is the reason why...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣, 例如:
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ), 這也是個(gè)常用句型, 意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤薄!癟hat is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果, 例如:
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒(méi)有去看電影, 那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果, 第二句話說(shuō)明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過(guò)那部電影, 因此他昨天晚上沒(méi)有去看。(第一句話說(shuō)明原因, 第二句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果)
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):表語(yǔ)從句考題
考題1
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
[答案] D
[解析] 下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)從句, 如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語(yǔ)從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思。因此, 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that。
考題2
You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
[答案] B
[解析] 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞is后的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(“disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞, “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)), 下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where, 表語(yǔ)從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。
考題3
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off (1999)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[答案] A
[解析] 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ), 下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why。
考題4
____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
[答案] A
[解析] 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ), 特指她所不理解的事情, 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what; 第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的后果, 由why引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么……”(指原因、 理由, 由because引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句), 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why。
考題5
____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
[答案] B
[解析] 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ), 特指令校方驕傲的事情, 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what; 第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示原因、 理由, 應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句。
考題6
— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game
— Oh,that’s ____. (2003北京春)
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
[答案] A
[解析] A選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的事物”; B選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺(jué)得激動(dòng)的任何事物”; C選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對(duì)它感覺(jué)的方式”; D選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的時(shí)候”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語(yǔ)that對(duì)應(yīng), 充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句。
2017年高考準(zhǔn)高三如何惡補(bǔ)英語(yǔ)
2017年高考英語(yǔ)如何積累語(yǔ)法
2017年高考英語(yǔ)如何積累詞匯
2017年高考英語(yǔ)遇到生詞怎么辦
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