2017年高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

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▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

單個(gè)分詞作定語時(shí)放在所修飾名詞前。

分詞短語作定語時(shí)放在后，并且名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間存有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這是區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和動(dòng)名詞作定語的判斷方法之一。

e.g.a running boy

，the girl standing there

并且一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)進(jìn)行時(shí)的定語從句。

e.g.a boy who is running，a girl who is standing there

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

注意1：分詞的完成時(shí)不可作定語

注意2：在message letter sign news notice等詞后要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，不用過去分詞，這是考試的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

注意3：某些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，已不再表示動(dòng)作，已經(jīng)從分詞變?yōu)榱诵稳菰~詞性，如interesting story，an exciting match。這些也可以屬于現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，但是不能轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的定語從句，但是可以有三級變化（原級、比較級、最高級）和被某些副詞如very修飾。

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)很多，有時(shí)單獨(dú)作定語，放在所修飾的詞前面：

He is a promising young man.他時(shí)一個(gè)有培養(yǎng)前途的青年。

It is a fascinating city.這是一座迷人的城市。

Wisconsin is the leading dairy state.威斯康星乳牛產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)先各州。

They are visiting in a neighbouring town.他們在臨近一座城市訪問。

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

也可引起一個(gè)短語，放在所修飾的詞后面：

There is someone knocking at the door.有人在敲門。

I know a man working in that factory.我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)在那家工廠干活的人。

The girl sitting beside me is my cousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我的表妹。

Do you know the man talking to her和她說話的男子你認(rèn)識(shí)嗎

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

現(xiàn)在分詞也有時(shí)可用作狀語，修飾謂語，表示：

1)同時(shí)發(fā)生的另一動(dòng)作：

A boy came running in.一個(gè)男孩跑進(jìn)屋來。

I went shopping with mother in town.我和媽媽一道進(jìn)城買東西。

Following Tom, they started to climb.他們跟著湯姆往上爬。

2)原因：

Not knowing the way, he couldn’t go there.由于不知道路，他無法到那里去。

Being excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.因?yàn)榧?dòng)她睡不著。

3)時(shí)間：

Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.聽到這消息時(shí)我們高興得跳了起來。

Turning around, he saw a tiger running up.他轉(zhuǎn)過身時(shí)看到一只老虎跑了過來。

有時(shí)和when或while連用：

They got engaged when traveling in Europe.他們在歐洲旅游時(shí)訂了婚。

His fingers trembled while doing so.他這樣做時(shí)手指顫抖了一下。

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

Exercises:

1. 在下面句子中作定語的分詞或分詞短語下劃線：

1) He is a promising young man.

2) It is a fascinating city.

3) He was one of the leading composers of the time.

4) Who is the girl standing on her hands

5) They built a road leading to the village.

6) Who knows the missing words in the sentence

7) My aunt told us an amusing story.

8) In our village live 350 families belonging to three nationalities.

9) There is a car waiting at the door.

10) Don’t wake the sleeping child.

▲高考英語語法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

在下面句子中由分詞或分詞短語表示的狀語下劃線：

1) Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.

2) We couldn’t help them, being so poor ourselves.

3) Coming down the mountain, we met Jim on the way.

4) We spent a lot of money rebuilding the house.

5) He worked the whole afternoon trying to repair the car.

6) Not knowing the language, he couldn’t get a job.

7) The manager came towards us smiling.

8) Having failed twice, they didn’t want to try again.

9) Being a student, she was naturally interested in museums.

10) Turning around, she saw a man following her.

11) When leaving the airport, they waved to us again and again.

12) While staying there, I learnt a lot from them.

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