人的記憶力會隨著歲月的流逝而衰退，寫作可以彌補記憶的不足，將曾經(jīng)的人生經(jīng)歷和感悟記錄下來，也便于保存一份美好的回憶。范文怎么寫才能發(fā)揮它最大的作用呢？以下是我為大家搜集的優(yōu)質(zhì)范文，僅供參考，一起來看看吧
介紹一下南京夫子廟篇一
夫子廟，又叫孔廟、文廟，是祭祀我國著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方?？鬃釉诠糯蝗藗冏鸱Q為孔夫子，故其廟宇俗稱“夫子廟”。由于儒學的正統(tǒng)地位，它的創(chuàng)始人孔子備受封建社會歷朝歷代的統(tǒng)治者和士子們的尊崇，祀奉他的孔廟遍布全國各地，有的地方還不只一個。夫子廟作為封建士子崇拜的場所，大多與教育設(shè)施(如學宮、貢院等)布置在一起，即所謂的廟附于學，一般是在學宮的前面或一側(cè)。
歷史上，南京城區(qū)的夫子廟曾有三處，一處在今市政府大院內(nèi)，另一處在朝天宮?，F(xiàn)在我們要參觀、游覽的，是第三處，也是最有名氣的一處。它是宋景佑元年(1034年)從朝天宮遷來的，初為建康府學，元為集慶路學，明初為國學，后為應(yīng)天府學，清遷出府學，改為江寧、上元兩縣學。咸豐年間毀于兵火，同治年間(1869年)重建，抗戰(zhàn)中為日軍焚毀。現(xiàn)存夫子廟為80年代初重建。它采用前廟后學，孔廟在前，學宮在后，后來設(shè)立的貢院被布置在學宮的左側(cè)。因此，南京夫子廟比較完整的格局包括三部分，即孔廟、學宮、貢院。以大成殿為中心的南北中軸線及兩側(cè)的主要建筑和以明遠樓為中心的江南貢院陳列館成為夫子廟地區(qū)最主要的旅游觀光點。
夫子廟地區(qū)由于悠久的歷史、方便的水上交通，使其在夫子廟出現(xiàn)之前，就已成為古代南京比較有名的“佳麗地”和名士聚居地，因此除了以上所述主要景點外，還有吳敬梓故居、古桃葉渡、萃苑、百年老店一條街、文德橋、王謝故居、烏衣巷、媚香樓等景點。
現(xiàn)在我們已站在夫子廟中軸線的起點部分—夫子廟廣場。環(huán)顧四周，南有泮池、照壁、木坊，東西兩側(cè)有聚星亭、魁光閣及商業(yè)區(qū)，北有中軸線上主要建筑大成殿和分布于孔廟東西兩側(cè)的東、西二市，形成了夫子廟地區(qū)區(qū)別于其他城市孔廟的獨特氛圍，即歷史上形成的廟市合一的格局。
請看廣場前的這一條河，它叫秦淮河，是南京人民的母親河，全長110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。流經(jīng)廣場的這一段是內(nèi)秦淮河的一部分，建廟時被改造為泮池，因曲阜孔廟泮水流過而得名。南岸的一堵紅墻，是建于明萬歷(1575年)年間的大照壁，長達110米，氣勢磅礴，為全國照壁之最。照壁起遮蔽和裝飾作用，是整個夫子廟建筑群的開始。泮池北岸石欄則為明正德(1520xx年)年間所建，是歷經(jīng)了滄桑變遷之后，成為夫子廟建筑群中唯一保存最好的古代建筑小品，抗戰(zhàn)前曾加以修整。游人至此，憑欄小憩，觀覽秦淮秀色，心曠神怡。
泮池西側(cè)的文德橋現(xiàn)為漢白玉橋。因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。因為橋向與子午線方向一致，所以每逢農(nóng)歷11月15日子時左右，皓月當空，憑欄俯視，在橋的兩邊分別可看到橋影將河中明月分成兩個半月，被稱為“文德分月”。吳敬梓在《儒林外史》一書中就有記述，如果您有機會的話，不妨在農(nóng)歷11月15日來文德橋邊看一看。
文德橋南烏衣巷口的一組徽派建筑群，為“王謝古居”。作為東晉豪族王謝兩大家族聚居區(qū)，影響比較大，尤其是唐劉禹錫名作《烏衣巷》的詩句，使烏衣巷、王謝舊居變得非常有名，現(xiàn)為“南京六朝歷史文化陳列館。”大家有時間可以進去參觀參觀。
現(xiàn)在我們看石欄北側(cè)是新復(fù)建的天下文樞坊，表明此處為天下文化中心。三門四柱，頗為壯觀。在古代，它與后面的欞星門對應(yīng)，用于帝王出巡朝圣祀孔，中間高門坊是皇帝幸臨的御道，左右供郡親王出入，一般的官員臣民不能通行，因而平時都用木柵欄封閉起來。
廟前廣場西側(cè)的聚星亭，六角飛檐、古樸大方，外表看雙重飛檐翹角，貌似兩層結(jié)構(gòu)，其實只有一層，亭名取群星聚集、人才薈萃之意。再請看東邊，臨水而立的小院子是魁光閣，閣內(nèi)的魁星亭，三層六面，下臨秦淮，景致獨特。古有“奎主文章”之說。奎星即魁星，是文運興旺之兆，是科舉時考試奪魁的象征，因而魁星被歷代學子奉為神靈?？忾w與聚星亭東西犄角相望，互為呼應(yīng)，融為一體。
廟前廣場北面的石砌坊門，是孔廟第一道大門—欞星門，六柱三門，古樸優(yōu)美，中間橫楣刻有篆文“欞星門”。欞星是古代天文學中的“文星”，取名之由是要表示天下文人學士集學于此的意思。三門之間鑲嵌有牡丹圖案的磚刻浮雕，精雕細琢，美侖美奐。石柱頂端皆用云板，即華表之意，作為一種標志。此乃皇帝祭孔的儀門。
走過欞星門，我們就來到大成殿的大成門前。
大成門，又稱戟門，是夫子廟的正大門，兩旁為持敬門。封建時代只有官員可以由大成門出入，一般士子只能從旁門進出。進入門內(nèi)，左右分別樹有四塊古碑：東邊有元至順二年(1331年)的《封至圣夫人碑》和(封四氏碑)，西邊有公元1330年的殘碑《集慶孔子廟碑》和由市政府遷來的甫齊永明二年(484年)的《孔于問禮圖碑》。以《孔子問禮圖碑》為著。
院落甬道兩旁排列了孔子十二門生中的八位，即閔損、冉耕、冉求、端木賜、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由，均由漢白玉雕刻而成，狀甚虔誠，栩栩如生。
向前看，大成殿前的平臺為丹墀，俗稱露臺，高1.4米，東西寬21.8米，南北長“14.0米，四周圍以石欄，有云頭望柱24根，臺前兩角設(shè)有石燈籠。此露臺用作祭祀和歌舞。露臺中央的孔于雕像格外引入注目，青銅質(zhì)地，達4.18米，重乙37噸，做工精細，維妙維肖，體態(tài)豐盈，面部慈祥、深沉，眉宇間透露出偉大思想家特有的睿智，給人留下非常深刻的印象。露臺兩旁原是兩廡，是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位和存放祭祀、儀禮、佾舞用具的處所?，F(xiàn)縮為小兩廡，改為碑廊，陳列有趙樸初、林散之、武中奇等著名書法家墨跡的碑石30余塊，供游人欣賞。
露臺盡頭即為巍峨莊嚴的夫子廟主殿—大成殿，高16.22米，寬27.3米，進深27.9米，是重槽歇山頂?shù)姆鹿沤ㄖ?。正面屋檐下海藍色豎匾，上書“大成殿”。孔子為“大成至圣先師”，“大成”當指孔子?！按蟪伞币辉~，源出《札記。學記》，是學習的最高境界。又見于《孟子。萬章》?！翱鬃樱ブ畷r者也。孔子之謂集大成?！蔽菁锅|吻中有造型精美的“雙龍戲珠”立雕，這在國內(nèi)同類建筑中屬首創(chuàng)之作；屋面覆蓋青色小瓦所體現(xiàn)的輕秀之勢，與北方孔廟屋面采用黃色琉璃瓦的富麗恢宏之勢明顯不一樣，更顯隨和、入俗之意，這亦是南京夫子廟更接近俗文化的表現(xiàn)之一，亦或稱之為“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”吧。整座建筑重檐飛翹，斗拱交錯，氣勢雄偉；殿堂七楹，殿廊環(huán)立26根仿木圓柱；前后花格長門16扇，內(nèi)殿藻井枋檁，素雅肅穆。殿中央陳列有高6.5米、寬3.5米的國內(nèi)最大的孔子畫像，畫像前二側(cè)還有12位門生中的另4位，即孟子，孔汲，曾參、顏回，前面還陳列有柷、琴、臥箜篌，編磬，編鐘、古箏、鼓等古代樂器。
四周墻壁懸掛了38幅反映孔子生平事跡的鑲嵌壁畫，稱為“孔子圣跡圖”，是由浙江樂清2oo匠師采用取自浙江、福建，內(nèi)蒙古、遼寧、青海、廣西、廣東等省(區(qū))的內(nèi)玉石，雞血凍、壽山石，翡翠綠、周村凍等石中名晶及黃金、珠寶、羅鈿等貴重的珠寶飾件，耗3年之功雕成，總投資580萬元人民幣。畫面采用中國古典全景式構(gòu)圖方式，輔以考證有據(jù)的細部描述，做工精細，色澤自然，富有立體感，給人以逼真神奇之感。每幅面高2.5米，寬1.3米，畫中有人物408位，造型面目自然、栩栩如生。38幅壁畫分別是圣跡之圖、題首前言、尼山致禱、麒麟玉書、二龍五老、鈞天降圣、俎豆學禮、職司委吏、命名榮貺、職司乘田、問禮老聃、在齊聞韶、晏嬰沮封、退修詩書、夾谷會齊、歸田謝過、誅少正卯；女樂文馬、因膰去魯?？锶私鈬?。丑次同車之一，丑次同車之二、宋人伐木、楛矢貫隼、適衛(wèi)擊磬、學琴師襄、西河返駕、靈公問陳、子路問津、在陳絕糧、子西沮封、作歌丘陵，杏壇禮樂、跪受赤虹、西狩獲麟、夢奠兩楹、治任別歸、漢高祀魯。體現(xiàn)了孔子“萬世師表”的光輝典范形象，這恰如殿中對聯(lián)所寫“氣備四時興天地鬼神日月合其德；教垂萬世繼堯舜禹湯文武作之師“。真乃謂“德侔天地道貫古今，刪述六經(jīng)垂憲萬世”。
由大成殿東廡北門出，經(jīng)東市即進入學宮區(qū)。
東市和西市是由原來進出學宮的東、西甬道改成，用作秦淮河上往返船只經(jīng)銷商品的場所，現(xiàn)已成為夫子廟地區(qū)最具特色的工藝美術(shù)晶、文化用品銷售場所和文化活動場所。
學宮是封建時代培養(yǎng)人才的場所，有不同層次，如縣學、府學(路學、州學等)和國學，都與孔廟毗鄰，以示儒學立國，修身的正統(tǒng)地位。學宮包括明德堂、尊經(jīng)閣、敬一亭、崇圣祠和青云樓等單體建筑。走進學宮大門，就是古風盎然的明德堂，是士子們每月朔、望日朝圣(即孔子)之后，集中聽訓導(dǎo)師宣講圣教和上諭(倫理和政府法令)的場所，以培養(yǎng)學子們忠君愛國的思想。對于明德堂的名稱，可能有的游客要問，各地夫子廟建筑群中只有“明倫堂”，何以南京夫子廟例外，叫作“明德堂”?確實，南京夫子廟內(nèi)，明德堂原來也稱“明倫堂”，只是當年元軍即將攻克南京之時，身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥，為了表明他寧死不屈的決心，親自手書，改“明倫堂”為“明德堂”以明效忠國家、報效民眾之志氣，故保留至今。明德堂后的尊經(jīng)閣，始建于明朝中期，高三層，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山頂，氣象非凡，是當年存放儒家典籍、教諭講課的講堂，現(xiàn)為民俗風情陳列館。與尊經(jīng)閣并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云樓，尊經(jīng)書院分置尊經(jīng)閣后兩邊。崇圣祠祀孔子父母，現(xiàn)為梨園；青云樓清時改為圖書館；尊經(jīng)書院為講課之所，相當于現(xiàn)在的教室。尊經(jīng)閣后小高地，叫衛(wèi)山，建有敬一亭，天下文廟皆有敬一亭始于明嘉靖時，亭內(nèi)立皇帝御題的“敬一箴”，作為生員士子的座右銘。所謂“敬一”就是對孔學的敬業(yè)之意。
游完學宮，向東過貢院西街走數(shù)十米，就是江南貢院。利用這一段時間，我給大家介紹一下夫子廟的其他情況。夫子廟地區(qū)除了夫子廟自身建筑之外，還有更為引人注目的民風民俗、特色市場和風味小吃。
其一，南京人向有過燈節(jié)的習俗，六朝時期佛興燈旺，作為帝王之都的南京，每至元宵節(jié)，燈火滿市井，為全國之冠。明朝時放燈時間延長，正月初八為上燈節(jié)。十八日為落燈節(jié)，是我國歷史上為時最長的燈節(jié)，那時南京人幾乎“家家走橋，人人看燈”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京燈節(jié)都極為隆重，以夫子廟地區(qū)為最盛。建國以后，夫子廟燈會在政府的支持和組織下，每年的正月，夫子廟的大街小巷、店堂鋪面、河房屋頂都掛滿了各式各樣的彩燈，前來觀賞的人群絡(luò)繹不絕，熙熙攘攘，煞是壯觀，其規(guī)模之大、延續(xù)時間之長、燈彩式樣之多，在全國同類燈會中均名列前茅。
其二，夫子廟除了它的文化特色外，其商業(yè)文化也比較發(fā)達，首先是夫子廟建筑群兩側(cè)的東、西二市就以其豐富的工藝美術(shù)晶、古玩、字畫及其他文化用品交易而顯示出文化的商業(yè)性價值，其次在夫子廟還有小商品市場、花鳥蟲魚市場和古玩、珍藏品交易市場，體現(xiàn)了南京人的一種閑適心態(tài)和文化品位。夫子廟已成為現(xiàn)代商品云集的商業(yè)中心區(qū)之一。
其三，夫子廟還是南京四時茶食的發(fā)源地，隨著各種節(jié)令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子廟秦淮小吃因時更新，各種茶食店鋪，攤販小吃，應(yīng)有盡有，成為我國東南地區(qū)歷史最久、最獨具特色的飲食文化旅游區(qū)。從泮池文德橋至文源橋方圓百米左右的市面，風味飲食店就有數(shù)十家之多?？芍^咸甜葷素風味迥異；東西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和園、六鳳居、老正興、奇芳閣、蔣有記等，風味名點和小吃有數(shù)百種，極大地強化了夫子廟的區(qū)域性特征。
好，我們已到了始建于1168年的江南貢院遺址。江南貢院是專門用來考試的場所，起初規(guī)模并不大，只供府、縣學考試之用。明初鄉(xiāng)試、會試集中在此舉行。后貢院規(guī)模擴大，待到清朝，正式定名為江南貢院，已經(jīng)是規(guī)模空前，形成東起姚家巷，西至學宮、孔廟，南臨秦淮河，北抵建康路的方形整體，其號舍達兩萬多個，在當時全國貢院中首屈一指。民國之后，貢院冷落，只有明遠樓等，作為歷史文物被保留下來。
我們現(xiàn)在看到的明遠樓，上下三層，四四方方，飛檐出甍，面面皆窗，它本是貢院舉行考試期間用來警戒和發(fā)號施令之所。如今樓下拱門內(nèi)保留的明、清和民國年間的石碑，詳盡記載了江南貢院的盛衰歷史。為有效地保存封建時代科舉考場的情景，80年代中期，有關(guān)部門在此建立了“江南貢院陳列館”，復(fù)建了以“千字文”命名的部分號舍，陳列了神態(tài)各異的應(yīng)試學子的塑像，供人們參觀。同時，游人們還可以親自體會一下“金榜題名”的古趣。各位朋友，您不想試一試？
游罷夫子廟的主要觀光點，我們大概可以把夫子廟的特點歸納為以下兩點。
第一，夫子廟是一個廟市合一的活動場所，這是其最大特色，而其他城市的孔廟建筑及其文化氛圍通常與商業(yè)文明、市井文化相隔離。在夫子廟，一方面是圍墻內(nèi)嚴謹?shù)奈幕諊?；另一方面是圍墻外、秦淮河兩岸充滿活力的商業(yè)文明，如工藝美術(shù)品、小商品、花鳥及現(xiàn)代商場、批銷中心，以及業(yè)經(jīng)去其糟粕、取其精華的俗文化，如傳統(tǒng)的民風民俗—秦淮燈彩、秦淮風味小吃、云錦工藝、南京白局等，一應(yīng)俱全，充分體現(xiàn)了夫子廟的繁華和與眾不同。學宮、孔廟與市場(東西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民風民俗等)和諧相處，高雅的儒學文化與通俗的市井文化、商業(yè)文化相互兼容、共同發(fā)展，形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。
第二，夫子廟建筑布局中有許多中國之最。如象征南京母親河—秦淮河的長達110米的高大照壁，是全國最大的；泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的，是所有孔廟中獨一無二的。由此可知，秦淮河在夫子廟的歷史演變過程中的影響是非常重要的。南京夫子廟學宮明德堂的名稱在全國也是少有的；大成殿“三寶”—孔子畫像、雕像和孔子生平事跡壁畫，堪稱全國之最。值得一提的是，由于南京夫子廟的與眾不同，地方政府和國家旅游局自80年代以來，開發(fā)并形成了以夫子廟為中心的秦淮風光帶。在東起東水關(guān)、西迄西水關(guān)的十里秦淮，發(fā)掘出那些被歷史湮沒的秦淮勝跡，如瞻園、白鷺州、中華門城堡以及桃葉渡至鎮(zhèn)淮橋一帶的秦淮水上游和沿河景觀，即所謂的“四點一線”，形成了集山水、園林、市街、河房河廳和民風民俗于一體的綜合旅游區(qū)?，F(xiàn)已布局井然，初具規(guī)模，景致獨特，美不勝收，成為全國旅游景區(qū)四十佳之一。基于此，有關(guān)部門還開辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游線路和陸上游一條線，成為繼“湖南路燈光夜市”后又一顆照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”，使得夜晚的南京城更顯魅力。
各位朋友，夫子廟的游覽就到此結(jié)束了，感謝大家的支持和合作！
介紹一下南京夫子廟篇二
hello, everyone! welcome to nanjing confucius temple. the confucius templeis located on the bank of qinhuai river in the south of the city. it is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that nanjing people are proud of. it is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and temple marketare integrated.
confucius temple, also known as confucius temple and confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to confucius, a famous educator and thinker in was honored as confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "confucius temple". due to the orthodox status of confucianism, itsfounder confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. there were more than one confucius temples all over the country. as aplace for feudal scholars to worship, confucius temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, gong yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.
historically, there were three confucius temples in the urban area ofnanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the chaotian palace. now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. it was moved from chaotian palace in the first year of jingyou of songdynasty (1034). at first, it was jiankang school, jiqing road school in yuandynasty, guoxue in ming dynasty, yingtianfu school in qing dynasty, andjiangning school and shangyuan school in qing dynasty. it was destroyed in thexianfeng period, rebuilt in the tongzhi period (1869), and burned by thejapanese during the anti japanese war. the existing confucius temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. it uses the former temple and the later school, confuciustemple in the front and the academy in the back, and the later gong yuan isarranged on the left side of the academy. therefore, the relatively completepattern of confucius temple in nanjing includes three parts, namely, confuciustemple, academy and gongyuan. the north-south central axis with dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the jiangnan gongyuanexhibition hall with mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the confucius temple area.
due to its long history and convenient water transportation, confuciustemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient nanjing before the appearance of confucius temple. therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as wu jingzis former residence, ancient taoyedu, cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop street, wendeqiao, wang xies former residence, wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.
now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of confuciustemple - confucius temple square. looking around, there are panchi, zhaobi andmufang in the south, juxing pavilion, kuiguang pavilion and business district inthe east and west, dacheng hall in the central axis and the east and west citieson the east and west sides of confucius temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of confucius temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of temple market integration in history.
look at the river in front of the square. its called qinhuai river. itsthe mother river of nanjing people. its 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early nanjing civilization. the section that flows through the square is apart of the inner qinhuai river. when the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the confucius temple in qufu.a red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the wanli period ofthe ming dynasty (1575). it is 110 meters long and majestic. it is the largestscreen wall in china. zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole confucius temple complex. the stone railings on thenorth bank of panchi were built in zhengde (1514) of the ming dynasty. aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the confucius temple complex, which had been repaired before the antijapanese war. here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of qinhuai.
the wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. it gotits name from the confucian schools advocacy of article morality. because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every november 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bright moon in the river is spanided into two and a half months, which iscalled "wen de fen yue". wu jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. if you havea chance, you might as well come to wende bridge on november 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.
a group of hui style buildings at the entrance of south wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "wangxie ancient residence". as the settlement area of wangxie and wang xie in the eastern jin dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of wu yi xiang, the famous work of liu yuxi in tangdynasty, which makes wu yi xiang and wang xies former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition hall of six dynasties innanjing." you can visit it when you have time.
now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt tianxia wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of tianxia. three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. in ancient times, it corresponded to thelingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship confucius. the high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. it was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. the ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.
the star gathering pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. it looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. in fact, it has onlyone floor. the name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. inthe east, the small courtyard facing the water is kuiguang pavilion. the kuixingpavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces qinhuairiver. the scenery is unique. in ancient times, there was a saying of "kui zhuwen". kuixing, or kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. therefore,kuixing was regarded as a god by the students of the past dynasties. kuiguangpavilion and juxing pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.
the stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the confucius temple - lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. it is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "lingxing gate". lingxing is the "wenxing" inancient astronomy. the reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. the brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. the top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means huabiao, as a sign. this is the gate for the emperor toworship confucius.
after passing the lingxing gate, we came to the dacheng gate of dachenghall.
dachengmen, also known as jimen, is the main gate of confucius temple, withzhijing gate on both sides. in feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the east, there are the stele of fengzhishengs wife in 1331, the remnantstele of jiqing confucius temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. this book is based on the picturestele of confucius asking for rites.
on both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofconfucius twelve students, namely min sang, ran geng, ran qiu, duan muzi, ranyong, zai yu, yan yan and zhong you. they are all carved from white jade of handynasty. they are very devout and lifelike.
looking forward, the platform in front of the dacheng hall is danlong,commonly known as the terrace. it is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. it is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. this terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. the statue of kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. its made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. itsexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. the eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in confucius gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. there are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as zhao puchu, lin sanzhi and wu zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.
at the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of confucius templedacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "dacheng hall".confucius is the most sage and forerunner of dacheng, and dacheng refers toconfucius. the word "dacheng" comes from "notes. learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. it can also be seen in mencius wanzhang. "confuciusis the sage of time. confucius called it jidacheng. " there is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the birds kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in china; the light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernconfucius temple. it is more easygoing and popular. this is also one of theperformances of nanjing confucius temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe romans do". the whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. in thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofconfucius, the largest in china. on the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely mencius, kongji, zengshen andyanhui. in front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as gong, qin, wokonghou, chime, bianzhong, guzheng and drum.
38 inlaid murals reflecting confucius life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "confucius holy trace". they are made ofinner jade from zhejiang, fujian, inner mongolia, liaoning, qinghai, guangxi,guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in yueqing, zhejiang province. it takesthree years the total investment is 5.8 million yuan. the picture adopts thechinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. there are 408 figures in the painting. theshape is natural and lifelike. the 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of nishan, the qilin yushu, the erlongwulao, the juntian shengjiang, the zudou xueli, the functionary commissar, thename rongfu, the functionary chengtian, the questioner laofu, wenshao in qi, yanyingju feng in yan, the retreat of shishu, jiagu huiqi, returning to tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music wenma, and yingu qulu. help peopleout. in song dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the falcon, struck the chimeby shiwei, learned to play qin by xiang, drove back to xihe, asked linggongabout chen, zilu about jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, xingtanritual music, kneeling by chihong, xishou huolin, mengdian liangying, zhirenbiegui, han gaosi to lu. this is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "qi bei si shi xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow yao, shun, yu and tangwenwu as teachers". the truth is that "the tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theconstitution for all ages.".
from the north gate of dacheng hall, you can enter xuegong district throughdongshi.
dongshi and xishi have been changed from the east and west passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the qinhuai river. now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the confuciustemple area.
the school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. they were all adjacent to confuciustemple, which showed the orthodox status of confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. the school palace includes mingde hall, zunjing pavilion,jingyi pavilion, chongsheng temple and qingyun tower. entering the gate of theschool is the ancient mingde hall. it is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. as for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "minglun hall" in the confucius templecomplex. why nanjing confucius temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? indeed, in nanjing confucius temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "minglun hall". it was just wen tianxiang, the prime minister of thesouthern song dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender hechanged "ming lun tang" into "ming de tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. zunjing pavilion, built in the middle of mingdynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and t-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. it is an extraordinary hall for storing confucian classics andteaching lectures. it is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. standing sideby side with zunjing pavilion are chongsheng temple and qingyun tower. zunjingacademy is spanided into two sides behind zunjing pavilion. in the qing dynasty,qingyun building was changed into a library, and zunjing academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. the small highlandbehind the zunjing pavilion, called weishan, has a jingyi pavilion. allconfucian temples in the world have jingyi pavilion. it began in the jiajingperiod of the ming dynasty. in the pavilion, the emperors motto of "jingyizhen" was set up as the motto of the students. the so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to confucianism.
after touring the academy, walk tens of meters to the east past gongyuanwest street, which is jiangnan gongyuan. during this period of time, i wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the confucius temple. inaddition to the buildings of confucius temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.
dear friends, this is the end of the tour of confucius temple. thank youfor your support and cooperation!
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