在日常的學(xué)習(xí)、工作、生活中，肯定對各類范文都很熟悉吧。大家想知道怎么樣才能寫一篇比較優(yōu)質(zhì)的范文嗎？接下來小編就給大家介紹一下優(yōu)秀的范文該怎么寫，我們一起來看一看吧。
新職業(yè)英語教程篇一
電腦的日常基本維護(hù)
隨著使用時間的增加，電腦可能會出現(xiàn)問題。每2—4周花上10—30分鐘時間做一些簡單的維護(hù)能保持你的電腦順暢運(yùn)行。按本文介紹的方法去做，以及一些可從網(wǎng)上下載的軟件的幫助，你的電腦會有顯著的改善。這是所有的電腦使用者都應(yīng)該掌握的基本方法。
? 刪除你忘記的或不再使用的程序
時間一久，你曾裝過的一些工具或游戲可能再也不會被使用，有時你也可能發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)遺忘的工具條或者其他項(xiàng)目。為什么要浪費(fèi)這些空間呢？在你的控制面板中找到“添加/刪除程序”，然后刪除掉那些你不用的東西。從網(wǎng)上下載一些軟件可以幫你完成程序刪除。
? 清除你的硬盤上不需要的文件
硬盤占用是電腦使用的最大問題之一。當(dāng)你的電腦運(yùn)行時，它會用到很多硬盤上的文件，但是用完之后卻不一定會進(jìn)行清理。正因?yàn)檫@樣，你需要經(jīng)常性地清理一下硬盤。
? 刪除無效的注冊表?xiàng)l目
時間長了注冊表可能會變得很龐大，并且包含很多無效的信息。如果你不完全肯定應(yīng)該做什么，對注冊表的盲目操作可能會損壞電腦。因此如果你對它不是了如指掌，還是用相關(guān)的軟件來清除掉那些陳舊、無效的條目吧。
? 刪除不需要的啟動項(xiàng)
你是否注意過你屏幕右下角的那些小圖標(biāo)？它們是你電腦在啟動過程中載入的一些程序，而且僅僅是一部分。如果你很納悶為什么你的電腦在啟動后要等上很久才能操作，那就是因?yàn)樵趙indows啟動后再這些程序都在載入。即使它們沒有被使用，它們也一樣會占用內(nèi)存。刪除它們需要一些額外的知識和研究，但是你能做到！
? 整理磁盤碎片
既然你已經(jīng)清理掉了那些垃圾，你的硬盤上將遍布碎片文件。在一個有大量磁盤碎片的硬盤上讀寫數(shù)據(jù)的速度會降低，因?yàn)榇蓬^在磁盤表面的碎片文件之間移動需要花去大量的時間?，F(xiàn)在你磁盤上的文件可能看起來就像是你打開了一盒釘子，然后把它們隨意扔在地上那么亂。而磁盤碎片整理讓你的硬盤像是一盒封裝好的釘子，干凈整潔，而且易于取用。
? 掃描/刪除惡意軟件
惡意軟件很像病毒，可能在你毫無察覺的情況下破壞你的電腦系統(tǒng)。所以你應(yīng)不時使用一個惡意軟件掃描軟件。再次建議要從可靠的網(wǎng)站下載并且盡量使用知名的軟件。
新職業(yè)英語教程篇二
unit 3 business meals reading a
deals over meals
(1-2 periods)g-up
task complete the following table seating is retiring on , chairman of your company, asks you to arrange the table seats for henry’s farewell are some principles for arranging seats at a dinner table and the information about the ive: ss can apply the principles of table seating arrangement to different :
? ss read warming-up task.? go through the principles of seating arrangement with ss.? get ss to match the guest names to seats a-e.? ask ss to compare their work with others.? get some ss to give their answers and explain them to the class ? comment briefly on their work and give the suggested ples of seating arrangement: people who have common interests male and female guests of honor in most important person should be seated at the right hand of the reading of the new words and expressions objective: ss can get familiar with the new words and expressions, etc..steps: ? ss read the new words and expressions after the teacher, trying to simulate the teacher’s pronunciation and intonation.? ss read the new words and expressions in class inspanidually for 5 ation of language points paragraph 1 entertain: invite people to your home for a meal or party or take your company’s customers to have a meal, drinks, etc.;to do something that amuses or interests people
e.g.i’ll entertain my friends over the child was entertaining himself with his up: to build;to increase, or become bigger or stronger gradually y have built up a good reputatio noise built up until she couldn’t stand it any : riate for official or serious situations or occasions e.g.i only wear this suit for formal boss is very formal;she doesn’t call anyone by their first aph 2
imply: make something understood without expressing it directly e.g.i do not imply that you are y: ing very important and needing to be dealt with immediately
ll, take it easy!it isn’t a matter of y: state of being with someone
’s husband is away for the week, so i think i’d better go over and keep her aph 3
turn out: to have a particular result;to happen in a particular way man we met turned out to be maria’s second ’t worry.i’m sure it will all turn out : bring a good result or advantage for someone usually pays to tell the on one’s best behavior: to behave as well and politely as you can, especially in order to please someone
e.g.i want you to be on your best behavior at granddad’dgeable: a.(of a person)knowing a lot is very knowledgeable about someone through(something): to help someone continue doing something，especially something difficult or unpleasant, until it is finished overcoat has seen me through many severe saw me through all the hard igent: a high level of mental ability;good at understanding ideas and thinking quickly and clearly teachers regard jimmy as an intelligent igently: an intelligent way
have to speak intelligently at this important business aph 4
come in handy: to be useful
e.g.i’ll put these bottles in the cupboard — they might come in handy t: behave in a particular way, especially in a situation where people judge you by the way you behave;to carry out
figures have a duty to conduct themselves company conducted a survey to find out what their customers think about the new trate(on): think very carefully about something that you are doing was concentrating on her book and didn’t know what had aph 5
sought-after: by a lot of people
s are the most sought-after people in the area.ses ? ss do task 1 and task 2 inspanidually.? check the ments the new words and -reading of reading 3 business meals reading b and writing
(3-4 periods)ound information ? differences between chinese table manners and the western table icks chopsticks are used to eat most kinds of chinese your chopsticks towards their end, not in the middle or the front when dining with you are not using your chopsticks, or have finished eating, lay them down in front of you with the tips to
as soon as the hostess picks up her napkin, pick yours up and lay it on your soup course
dinner usually begins with largest spoon at your place is the soup will be beside your plate at the right-hand fish course
if there is a fish course, it will probably follow the re may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat it is meat course
the main course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl(雞禽)or a roast which needs to be will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state your preference as to lean or fat, dark(紅肉)or light(白肉). knife and fork
the english keep the fork in the left hand, point curved downward, and bring the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in this position with the ans carve the meat in the same position, then lay down the knife and taking the fork in the right hand with the point turned up, push it under a small piece of food without the help of the knife and bring it to the mouth g yourself and refusing
if a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right serve yourself while the dish is on your right;it is then the turn of your neighbor on the is polite to take some of everything that is passed to if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: “no, thank you.” things on the table
when there are things on the middle of the table, such as bread, butter, jelly, pickles, nits, candies, you should not take any until the hostess has suggested that they be g the table
it is impolite for a guest to leave the table during a meal, or before the hostess gives the signal at the the hostess indicates that the dinner is over, she will start to rise from her seat and all the guests rise from theirs at the same ses
? ss do task 1 and task 2 on page 39 in pairs.? check the g: invitation 邀請信是邀請親朋好友或知名人士、專家等參加某項(xiàng)活動時所發(fā)出的請約性書信。在國際交往以及日常的各種社交活動中，這類書信使用廣泛。英文邀請信可分為兩種。一種為正規(guī)的格式(formal correspondence)，亦稱請柬(invitation card)，這是一種正規(guī)的邀請信，格式嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而固定，一般適用于較莊重嚴(yán)肅的場合。另一種是非正式格式(informal correspondence), 即一般的邀請信，適用于一些平常的事情的邀請，通常邀請人同被邀請人之間比較熟悉，這種邀請信具有簡短、熱情的特點(diǎn)。
（一）邀請信的寫法 1.活動名稱及目的
寫明邀請對方參加什么活動，以及邀請的原因和目的等。2.活動細(xì)節(jié)及注意事項(xiàng)
寫明活動安排的細(xì)節(jié)及需要告訴對方的注意事項(xiàng)。諸如時間、地點(diǎn)、參加人員、人數(shù)，需要做些什么樣的準(zhǔn)備以及需要穿什么服飾。要求穿禮服時，須在請柬的右下角注明dress：formal；較隨意時可用dress：informal。3.回函要求 希望被邀請人收到請柬后對是否接受邀請給予答復(fù)的，請柬下方要用r.s.v.p.或rsvp.（原為法語，意味：請賜復(fù)）字樣。右下方是主人的電話號碼。請柬全文用第三人稱。如果主人和客人的姓名都寫在請柬的正文里，稱呼和結(jié)束語可省去。否則，需在結(jié)尾加上結(jié)束語。4.請柬通常有一定的格式：
首先是主人的姓名（要用全稱）或頭銜；
第二部分是request(s)the pleasure／honor of，相當(dāng)于漢語中的“恭請” 第三部分客人的姓名（要用全稱）（加’s）或用your（泛指）； 第四部分是company／presence at...,相當(dāng)于漢語中的“光臨…” 第五部分是日期； 第六部分是鐘點(diǎn)； 第七部分是地點(diǎn)。ments the new words and -reading of listening and 3 business meals listening and speaking
(5-6 periods)ing ss a few minutes to read through the printed materials for each listening to the material for the first time without looking at the to the material for a second time, and ask ss to do the exercises from task 1 to task 5 in the r gives the correct answers and explains the key points for some difficult to the material for the third time with a pause after each sentence, and ask ss to repeat the sentence during the ng ask ss to work in pairs to practice asking and giving advice with the help of the useful expressions below: starting i’m thinking of eating out you know a good chinese restaurant? can you recommend a good chinese restaurant? continuing do you have any other ideas? can you recommend anything else? do you know any other places? ending that’s a good idea.i think i’ll try ments do task1, 2, 3,and 4 in language 3 business meals mini-project and language lab
(7-8 periods)-project objective: ss search online for the rules of table setting for a western dinner and give illustration in :
? the class into are several ways: ss pick up their own partners;teachers group fast learners with slow learners;ss find their partners by drawing lots.? defining the through the project with the class and clarify are advised to do it after ss study reading n that those tableware pictures on ss’ books are to make the task can simply draw a picture to
illustrate the rules.? timing & ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working them that different ss have different work but everybody contributes to the discuss first and then decide who will do what.? present their evidence for this project, they can use either real tableware or a picture to explain table setting rules orally in them to do it after they study the whole ge lab do task 1 to task 4 in this section the answers and give explanations if r revision 被動語態(tài)的用法：
1、不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。the bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。he was elected chairman.他被選為主席。
2、當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。此時動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動詞之后，不需要時可以省略。the room hasn't been cleaned yet.房間還沒有打掃。
the tiger was killed by him.老虎被他殺死了。
3、當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。如： the window was blown by wind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。
the whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個村莊都被洪水沖走了。
4、表示客觀的說明常用“it is + 過去分詞”句型。it is said that lucy has gone abroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。
it is believed that he is a spy.(=he is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是個間諜。
其它常見的“it is +過去分詞+ that”句型還有 it is reported that… 據(jù)報道
it is said that… 據(jù)說
it is believed that… 大家相信
ments task 5 in language lab on page -reading of unit 4 product reading a
industrial design
(1-2 periods)g-up
task 1: ask ss to choose one product from each pair and explain why to their ive: ss can identify the differences between two products and explain their : ? ss read warming-up task 1.? go through the sample with ss.? get ss to do the task in pairs, student asks questions and the other answers.? ask some pairs to role-play their dialogs in front of the class, giving comments when 2: ask ss to discuss the following ive: ss know what factors to consider before they buy a :
? ss read warming-up task 2.? ask ss to work in pairs to work out the answers to the questions.? get some ss to give their answers.? ask the class for different ideas.? comment reading of the new words and expressions objective: ss can get familiar with the new words and expressions, etc..steps: ? ss read the new words and expressions after the teacher, trying to simulate the teacher’s pronunciation and intonation.? ss read the new words and expressions in class inspanidually for 5 ation of language points paragraph 1
target: aim;objective
e.g.i’ve set myself a target of saving $200 a make something have an effect on a particular limited group or area advertisement was designed to target a mass : find the exact position of something
couldn’t locate the source of the radio aph 2
mass-produce: produce in large numbers using machinery
-produced furniture is cheaper than furniture made by : n.1)imagination
you ever had visions of great success? 2)idea
had the same vision of him as i had.3)sight
my new glasses my vision is perfect!
paragraph 3
a chunk of: a large piece of something that does not have an even shape;a large part or amount of something e.g.a chunk of cheese
a huge chunk of the audience got up and left before the -new: and not yet used
bought a brand-new car for her brother as the wedding aph 4
a pain in the neck: a person or thing that is very annoying
’s wrong with dave? he’s becoming a total pain in the e: increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of
something
is an opportunity to enhance the good reputation of the gh: be more important or valuable than something else advantages of the plan far outweigh the : away from places where other people live;far away in time farmhouse is remote from any other database/remote access/remote control ses ? ss do task 1 and task 2 inspanidually.? check the ments the new words and -reading of reading 4 product reading b and writing
(3-4 periods)ound information manual is a book most commonly containing instructions for operating electronic goods, computer software and language is written to match up with the common end-users with technical terms kept to a ation of language points leg was crushed in the h not to scratch those mosquito curtains don’t match the n vt./n a long article
the days are shortening concerned with is concerned with that on n. machine doesn’t function sofa can also function as a ses ? ss do task 1 and task 2 in pairs.? check the g: catalog uce in detail the function and typical items of ctions: product catalogs offer customers direct and indirect information about the products, such as the description of the products, the main features or the benefits of the products, the prices, different models, sizes, colors, and so ss to finish task 1 with the help of the ss to finish task 2 in some ss to present their ments the new words and -reading of listening and 4 product listening and speaking
(5-6 periods)ing ss a few minutes to read through the printed materials for each listening to the material for the first time without looking at the to the material for a second time, and ask ss to do the exercises from task 1 to task 5 in the r gives the correct answers and explains the key points for some difficult to the material for the third time with a pause after each sentence, and ask ss to repeat the sentence during the ng ss to work in pairs to practice describing any three products at hand, including their size, color, material, shape and some students to perform the dialogue they have t briefly on their ments do task1, 2, 3,and 4 in language 4 product mini-project and language lab
(7-8 periods)-project objective: ss can know how to demonstrate how to use a :
? the class into groups.? defining the through the project with the class and clarify are advised to do it after ss study reading b.? timing & ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working them that different ss have different work but everybody contributes to the ing an appropriate product is very important in this group members should have their views out.? present their evidence for this project, they need to show the real product or a give demonstration in ss to do it after they study the whole ge lab do task 1 to task 4 in this section the answers and give explanations if r revision 主謂一致指“人稱”和“數(shù)”方面的一致關(guān)系。主謂之間的一致關(guān)系由以下三個原則支配：語法一致原則(grammatical concord)意義一致原則(notional concord)就近原則(principle of proximity)。1．并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)
注意：當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞，共用一個冠詞用單數(shù)。
2．主謂一致中的就近原則 在由not only…but also…，not just…but…，or, either…or…，neither…nor…連接主語的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按就近原則處理，即按與謂語動詞最靠近的那個主語來確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。not only john but also i am going to shanghai next you or she is to is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3．謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。4．謂語需用單數(shù)
1）代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each, every,謂語需用單數(shù)。each of us has a tape-recorder.2）當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。the arabian night is a book known to lovers of english.《一千零一夜》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。
3）表示金錢，時間.距離.價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。4）四則運(yùn)算時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。5．指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)
集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定.如family, team，group，club, public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時表示該個集體。但集合名詞people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽）.militia(民兵）.vermin(害蟲）等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
6．謂語動詞與后接名詞或代詞保持一致
用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時，動詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。
most of his money is spent on of the students are taking an active part in sports.7．the+形容詞/國籍形容詞。表示一類人/一國人，作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
8．the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)，表示一家人或兩夫婦，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。ments task 5 in language lab on page -reading of unit 5.
新職業(yè)英語教程篇三
unit 1 reading a谷 歌
上過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人都見過谷歌，許多人要在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上查找某方面的信息時，他們都會去“谷歌”一下。作為全世界最有名的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索引擎，谷歌是網(wǎng)絡(luò)業(yè)界功成名就的最好范例之一。
谷歌始于1996年1月斯坦福大學(xué)博士生拉里?佩奇的一個研究項(xiàng)目。為了找到一種能幫助網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶搜索到相關(guān)網(wǎng)頁的更好方法，佩奇設(shè)想可以通過檢索網(wǎng)頁之間的關(guān)系來實(shí)現(xiàn)。他認(rèn)為其他網(wǎng)頁鏈接最多的那些網(wǎng)頁一定是最受歡迎的，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)結(jié)果看起來是成功的。
佩奇和他的合作伙伴謝爾蓋?布林于1998年9月7日創(chuàng)建了自己的公司，這一網(wǎng)址。這個搜索引擎很快聲名鵲起，2000年谷歌開始在自己的網(wǎng)站出售廣告。在投資者的熱情資助下，經(jīng)過幾年的發(fā)展，谷歌上市了，谷歌的很多雇員一夜之間成了百萬富翁。
，而且每天都在不斷增加一些新功能，如工具欄、郵件和廣告。當(dāng)然，成長與成功也帶來了競爭。微軟最近就試圖收購雅虎以便能在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索引擎領(lǐng)域與谷歌抗衡。
隨著公司的壯大與知名度的提高，谷歌在美國公司就業(yè)吸引力的排名也上升到第一。他們嘗試打破傳統(tǒng)的辦公室設(shè)計(jì)，努力把辦公室變成員工感覺舒適、并能充分發(fā)揮自己才華的地方。
現(xiàn)在，谷歌已擁有youtube、blogger和其他一些熱門網(wǎng)站，并且成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告收入方面的領(lǐng)頭羊。當(dāng)初兩個學(xué)生的一個小點(diǎn)子已發(fā)展成為一家擁有十億美元資產(chǎn)的大公司，谷歌也成為全球最著名的商標(biāo)之一。谷歌的發(fā)展史為當(dāng)今的網(wǎng)絡(luò)企業(yè)家樹立了一個完美的典范，也提供了靈感。
unit 2 reading a秘書
秘書可能會有很多其他不同的頭銜，例如行政助理、文員或私人助理。盡管所有這些頭銜都以行政工作為主旨，但它們卻反映了不同種類的秘書工作。秘書崗位十分古老，例如，古希臘和羅馬的商人和政客們就曾雇用私人秘書和文員來管理他們的事務(wù)。
秘書的工作就是使辦公室順利運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。秘書的職責(zé)范圍很廣，依據(jù)他們所在辦公室的不同而各異。就最低要求來說，秘書要處理信函，跟蹤日程安排，管理文件系統(tǒng)，操作電話、傳真機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)等辦公設(shè)備。許多秘書還要接聽電話，并將其轉(zhuǎn)給適當(dāng)?shù)娜藛T。有些秘書還要負(fù)責(zé)辦公室用品的采購，他們也可能會處理預(yù)算、簿記和人事文檔。秘書應(yīng)當(dāng)具備使用電腦和其他電子設(shè)備的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)樗麄儗⑻幚泶罅康碾娮淤Y料，包括往來信函。
好的秘書工作效率極高，且有條不紊。除了具備文書技能之外，他們還善于管理時間和人員。盡管他們的薪水和受尊敬的程度也許不如其他更高級別的人員，但在辦公室中他們往往起著十分重要的作用。他們能預(yù)估辦公室人員的需求，迅速解決問題。他們工作效率非常高，以至于許多人直到他們離開之后才意識到他們的價值所在。好的秘書還善于人際溝通。他們也非常值得信賴，可以委托他們處理機(jī)密文件，與高層管理人士打交道并應(yīng)付在繁忙的辦公室里經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)的混亂情況。
秘書行業(yè)的就業(yè)前景通常很好，對有經(jīng)驗(yàn)者尤其如此。許多職業(yè)學(xué)校為有意當(dāng)秘書的人們提供了培訓(xùn)課程。這些課程包括打字、文件管理、文件歸檔，以及一個好的秘書在工作中所必須具備的其他技能。雖然沒有這些培訓(xùn)要獲得秘書職位也是有可能的，但這在一個越來越專業(yè)化的社會里可能非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性。
unit 3 reading a飯桌生意經(jīng)
作為商務(wù)宴請的一種形式，商務(wù)聚餐被越來越多地用于增進(jìn)彼此間的信任和信心。從匆忙的早餐到“工作午餐”，從雞尾酒會到正式的晚餐，西方人大量的商務(wù)活動都是在飯桌上進(jìn)行的。
早餐會晤很少超過一個小時，帶有一定的“緊迫”意味，在商務(wù)旅行中很方便安排。要加深對客人的了解，午餐則是最好的形式。當(dāng)然，午餐中并不是非談生意不可。花上45分鐘或者一小時喝喝下午茶或咖啡，可以輕輕松松地談生意。晚餐則比較正式，通常不宜談生意，這是個彼此了解并享受相互之間交往的時刻。
商務(wù)聚餐背負(fù)著重重任務(wù)，常有可能演變?yōu)樨瑝暨B連。如果想給人留下持久的印象，在任何此類應(yīng)酬中都拿出最佳表現(xiàn)是非常有利的。當(dāng)然，你得熟知所從事的領(lǐng)域，還得舉止優(yōu)雅，才能順利應(yīng)付這些場合。在典型的商務(wù)應(yīng)酬中，你必須認(rèn)真傾聽，機(jī)敏問答，并滿懷自信地談?wù)撃愕墓?，同時表現(xiàn)得輕松自若、心情愉悅。
掌握良好的進(jìn)餐禮儀非常管用，它能讓你充滿信心，相信自己可以做到舉止得當(dāng)。畢竟，你是要跟客人交流，而不是專注于用哪只餐叉。正確選擇你面前的一堆銀餐具并不像一開始看起來那么困難。一定要先取用離你餐盤最遠(yuǎn)的刀叉和湯匙，然后逐漸地向內(nèi)取用。要記住一條簡單的規(guī)則：液體放在右邊，固體放在左邊。
禮貌進(jìn)餐是西方人認(rèn)為重要的行為準(zhǔn)則之一。通過掌握這些技巧，你會更好地代表公司的形象，會成為一位令人愉悅的東道主，一位更受人歡迎的賓客。
unit 4 reading a工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
我想設(shè)計(jì)一只鬧鐘，它帶有一個移動式鬧鈴開關(guān)，鬧鈴第一次響時開關(guān)觸手可及，但之后鬧鐘一次比一次難觸碰到，于是鬧鐘鬧個不停，直到我完全醒來。
作為工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師，我們的工作就是設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品——所有批量生產(chǎn)的各種各樣的產(chǎn)品，從法拉利汽車到烤面包爐，從家具到電視機(jī)。我們通過畫圖、素描、甚至涂鴉來構(gòu)思產(chǎn)品，將生產(chǎn)廠商想象的某種產(chǎn)品的樣子呈現(xiàn)給他們。
我們的職業(yè)目標(biāo)之一是使產(chǎn)品具有吸引力。一位工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師草圖本里的內(nèi)容常?？瓷先ゾ拖衿矫婊目茖W(xué)狂人的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，滿是各種各樣產(chǎn)品的涂鴉。我們工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師們也用雙手來進(jìn)行創(chuàng)意，用粘土、造型泡沫這些工作室里的材料來展現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品的手感。米開朗基羅在大理石堆中“發(fā)現(xiàn)”了他的雕塑作品；工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師們在粘土堆、泡沫堆，或者偶爾在電腦軟件的幫助下找到了最新款隨身聽的形狀。不管用哪種工作材料，設(shè)計(jì)師們每次都會花上好幾個小時去造型，去觸摸，去把握，一遍又一遍地雕琢那些線條，不久，這些東西就會成為真正可以使用的產(chǎn)品，被千萬個消費(fèi)者觸摸、把玩。當(dāng)你撫摸著剛從盒子里取出的全新產(chǎn)品時，它的表面已經(jīng)被設(shè)計(jì)師的雙手和目光以這樣或那樣的方式撫摸和打量過成百上千次了。
我們也竭盡全力使產(chǎn)品不會令人生厭。有些產(chǎn)品外形又酷又好用——它們是一系列會在潛移默化中提升你生活品質(zhì)的奇妙物品。而另一些產(chǎn)品，其令人討厭的設(shè)計(jì)幾乎使其實(shí)用性變得不值一提，比如桌角傷人的咖啡桌，以及看起來像曼哈頓地圖一般令人迷惑的遙控器。兩類產(chǎn)品的區(qū)別在于其設(shè)計(jì)方式，在于其外觀和手感，而造成這一切不同的正是工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。
unit 5 reading a國際貿(mào)易
每當(dāng)我們走進(jìn)商店、餐館、劇院或者任何別的商業(yè)場所進(jìn)行消費(fèi)的時候，我們就在進(jìn)行交易。從根本上說，國際貿(mào)易同我們在國內(nèi)進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易并無差別。理解貿(mào)易的關(guān)鍵是牢記貿(mào)易發(fā)生的原因。不管是哪里的人，他們進(jìn)行貿(mào)易的理由是因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈磐ㄟ^貿(mào)易可以獲益。當(dāng)我們想想另一種選擇，即我們每個人都自給自足，那么貿(mào)易的意義就更容易理解了。
通過進(jìn)出口可以創(chuàng)造出更加多樣化的商品和服務(wù)，因?yàn)楦鱾€國家都可以專注于自己最有優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品。一個國家通過專門生產(chǎn)自己生產(chǎn)效率最高的商品，就能提高產(chǎn)量，就有機(jī)會來提高銷量，并增加利潤。更多的利潤則可轉(zhuǎn)化為員工更高的工資和對工廠及設(shè)備更多的投資。進(jìn)出口也會為消費(fèi)者提供更多廉價的商品。
我們可以用絕對優(yōu)勢和相對優(yōu)勢的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理來解釋貿(mào)易帶來的好處。假設(shè)有一名律師和一名法律助理，如果這個律師準(zhǔn)備案情摘要或打印信件所花費(fèi)的時間比法律助理少，那么用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語來說，該律師在準(zhǔn)備案情摘要和打印信件方面都擁有“絕對優(yōu)勢”。如果到此為止，我們就有可能會說這個律師兩件事都應(yīng)該做，因?yàn)樗@兩方面都更在行。
按照相對優(yōu)勢的原理，該律師應(yīng)專注于發(fā)揮其最強(qiáng)項(xiàng)——打官司，而法律助理則應(yīng)專注于打印信件。如果各取所長，他們實(shí)際的工作效率會比各自都做這兩項(xiàng)工作要高。通過專門
從事各自最擅長的事情，然后以自己的產(chǎn)品去換取所需，雙方均可獲益。
通過國際貿(mào)易，不同國家得以用自己最高效生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品去換取別國最高效生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。市場上的消費(fèi)者越多，每個國家專營自己優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品的能力就越強(qiáng)。需要著重強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，律師和法律助理都會從專業(yè)化分工和貿(mào)易中獲益。同樣，國際貿(mào)易對所有參與國來說都是一個雙贏的局面。
unit 6 reading a我們?nèi)绾芜\(yùn)輸貨物
貨物必須從產(chǎn)地運(yùn)往消費(fèi)者所在地。目前有五種主要的貨物運(yùn)輸方式，即：鐵路、水路、公路、管道和航空運(yùn)輸。每種運(yùn)輸方式都有其不同的運(yùn)載工具。
鐵路在整個貨物運(yùn)輸中占據(jù)了重要的地位。鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢在于這種運(yùn)輸方式能滿足不同的需求。貨物無論輕重均可通過鐵路運(yùn)輸，速度亦可變化。特殊貨物可使用改裝車廂運(yùn)輸。冷藏車廂用來運(yùn)輸易腐貨物，油罐車廂運(yùn)輸油品，其他各種原料可使用自卸車廂。相對于其他運(yùn)輸方式，鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)費(fèi)是比較優(yōu)惠的。
水路運(yùn)輸工具為大宗貨物提供了廉價的運(yùn)輸方式，相對于其重量而言，這些大宗貨物的運(yùn)輸價值較低。如果運(yùn)輸速度不是最主要考慮因素的話，人們特別愿意使用水路運(yùn)輸方式。集裝箱貨輪常用于國家之間運(yùn)輸貨物，特別設(shè)計(jì)的礦石貨船用于運(yùn)輸?shù)V石，而運(yùn)輸原油則使用油輪。
公路貨車不太適合運(yùn)輸體積大、價值低的貨物。不過，它們能實(shí)現(xiàn)門到門的遞送，因?yàn)檫B最偏僻的地方它們都能去，這樣避免了反復(fù)的搬運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，而這也正是公路運(yùn)輸?shù)囊粋€優(yōu)勢。人們使用罐車運(yùn)輸液體，用冷藏車運(yùn)輸易腐貨物，而廂式貨車則用來運(yùn)輸家具及昂貴的商品。
管道可遠(yuǎn)距離運(yùn)輸液體、氣體或固液態(tài)混合體，可鋪設(shè)于地上或水下。與其他運(yùn)輸工具相比，用管道運(yùn)輸原油和天然氣經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，運(yùn)輸量大時尤其如此。然而，管道建設(shè)及維護(hù)卻需要大量的資金投入。
當(dāng)其他考慮優(yōu)先于高昂的航空運(yùn)費(fèi)時，則可選擇航空貨運(yùn)。例如，運(yùn)輸易腐貨物、藥品或機(jī)器備件時，速度是最重要的因素；而對于昂貴商品的運(yùn)輸，安全性則最為關(guān)鍵。
unit 7 text a譯文
我真的很想知道
周五晚上我結(jié)束了節(jié)食。把去年因常去曼哈頓的餐館吃飯而增加的20磅減掉后，我敢說我該理直氣壯美餐一頓了。為慶祝節(jié)食成功，我和太太去了休斯頓一家我們最喜歡的餐館。
飯菜與往常一樣，味道好極了，服務(wù)比平常還要好。我真想給這家餐館的每個項(xiàng)目都打最高分，但我沒有。為什么？一會兒我們就知道了
一家公司想度量一下顧客滿意度是件好事。但是，要想把這件事做好，整個度量過程必須妥善設(shè)計(jì)，并自始至終完整地實(shí)施。合理設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查問卷僅僅是這個過程的第一步。為了能夠從顧客那里獲得代表性的數(shù)據(jù)樣本，并將偏見降到最低，建立數(shù)據(jù)搜集程序也同樣重要。許多公司卻未能做到這一點(diǎn)，而這也正是這家餐館的失敗之處。
話說我們喝完咖啡之后，侍者拿來了賬單。與賬單附在一起的，還有一份簡要的顧客滿意度調(diào)查問卷。問卷的一面是餐館老板的一份說明，開頭寫著“我真的很想知道”；另一面是一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測量項(xiàng)目，以及顧客填寫意見的空白處。有一點(diǎn)不同的是，這份調(diào)查問卷已經(jīng)由侍者填完了。在“很好”、“好”和“有待提高”三個級別上，侍者已經(jīng)在所有“很好”的方框內(nèi)劃了一條線。
盡管我很滿意這家餐館的服務(wù)，我也不打算把一份已由別人完成了的調(diào)查問卷放到意見箱里。然而，很多人卻會不假思索就將這種問卷交回。
如此進(jìn)行顧客滿意度調(diào)查，這家餐館的老板只是在愚弄自己罷了。如果他“真的很想知道”，在顧客
離開時，讓人給他們分發(fā)一些郵資已付的調(diào)查問卷，會對他更有好處。
如果你正在進(jìn)行或者正打算進(jìn)行顧客滿意度調(diào)查，我們強(qiáng)烈建議你除了注重問卷的設(shè)計(jì)外，也要特別注意問卷的發(fā)放和回收過程。
unit 8 text a譯文
職業(yè)趨勢
據(jù)美國勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局的統(tǒng)計(jì)，今后十年內(nèi)的三個熱門職業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)⒎謩e是信息技術(shù)、醫(yī)療和健身。到2010年，以上每個職業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)θ瞬诺男枨蠖紝黾右槐丁?/p>
近年來人才需求增長速度最快的領(lǐng)域之一是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，這并不令人吃驚。技術(shù)的進(jìn)步確保這種趨勢還會繼續(xù)一段時期。系統(tǒng)分析師、設(shè)計(jì)師和開發(fā)師、電腦程序員、網(wǎng)絡(luò)開發(fā)人員、信息技術(shù)顧問和信息管理人員反映出計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域職業(yè)的范圍非常廣泛。從事基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和維護(hù)、纜線、衛(wèi)星等工作的硬件工程師也是需求的對象。
另一個確定會增長的領(lǐng)域是醫(yī)療。醫(yī)療保健類工作的增加直接歸功于人口老齡化和疾病治療手段的增多。對醫(yī)療助理和護(hù)士、家庭健康顧問以及健康信息技術(shù)人員的需求將會增加。其結(jié)果是，所需要的管理和后勤人員的職位數(shù)量也會擴(kuò)大。
面對生老病死人們的健康意識越來越強(qiáng)烈，健身領(lǐng)域預(yù)計(jì)也將會在下一個十年內(nèi)得到快速發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)有職業(yè)領(lǐng)域中的新型服務(wù)也方興未艾，許多這些服務(wù)被直接提供給消費(fèi)者。健身管理專家和體育教練的職業(yè)仍將保持很高的市場需求。所有這些職業(yè)都要求具備健康領(lǐng)域的學(xué)位。
在尋找職業(yè)方向時，明確未來的職業(yè)趨勢會有所助益。然而，不管該職業(yè)領(lǐng)域的前景有多好，你的職業(yè)選擇都必須首先建立在對自身技能、能力、個人素質(zhì)和興趣的評估之上。同樣有一點(diǎn)很重要，那就是在任何領(lǐng)域中獲得成功的必要條件都是溝通技能、積極的精神狀態(tài)和與人相處的能力。沒有這些素質(zhì)，世界上所有的教育和培訓(xùn)都不會幫你走得很遠(yuǎn)。
新職業(yè)英語教程篇四
新 職 業(yè) 英 語
第一冊
鄧蓓蓓
新職業(yè)英語
unit 1 organization
objectives:
grasp the main idea(the essence of writing is to write what one enjoys writing)and structure of the text(narration in chronological sequence);ing strategy and the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;conduct a series of listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the s: main idea of the reading a, and reading b the main idea;iate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text; the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;outlines: pre-reading tasks: warming-up task 1 look at the following logos and give the names of the countries in which the companies are -reading tasks: grasping the structure of the text(15 m)cultural backgroundthe essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.2.t checks if ss have done the rest of the after-text exercises in their spare time, and discuss some common errors that crop up.(15 m) self-study room exercise s page 16 task 1 and task 2: time allotment: 1st period 2nd period 3rd period 4th period 5th period 6th period pre-reading;while-reading(text structure;cultural notes;language points)while-reading(language points, listening, grammars etc)while-reading(language points;grammatical structures)while-reading(grammatical structures;details;synonyms;coherence)post-reading(main idea;exercises)while-reading(listening and speaking, exercises etc.)post-reading(theme-related language learning tasks)pre-reading tasks: what is a logo
a logo is a graphical element that, together with its logo type, forms a trademark or commercial lly, a logo's design is for immediate recognitio logo is one aspect of a company's ag, established in 1964, is a spanersified retail and wholesale group based in is the largest in its home market, and one of the most globalized retail and wholesale -mart stores, inc., founded in 1962, is an american public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department is the world's largest public corporation by revenue, according to the “2008 fortune global 500”.carrefour sa is a french international hypermarket chain, with a global network of is the second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue after g group is the largest company of the republic of is composed of samsung electronics, samsung heavy industries and samsung engineering & group limited is china's largest and the world's fourth largest personal computer mainly produces desktops, laptops, servers, handheld computers, imaging equipment and mobile phone handsets(聽筒).nokia corporation is a finnish multinational communications is focused on wireless and wired is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile -reading tasks: 1 grasping the structure of the text(15 m): ss circle the key words, phrases and clauses in text a and b for example: it all began in january 1996 as a research project at stanford university by t larry to find a better way for web users to search for relevant pages, page had an idea that this could be achieved by examining the relationships between web thought that web pages which had the most links to them from other web pages must be the most technique appeared to be successful.t draws ss attention to text organization exercise 2 , reads its instructions, and asks them these two questions:(3)in this way ss will be able to spanide the text into 3 parts and sum up the main ideas.(4)several ss report the main ideas they have summed up to the class al backgroundthe essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.2.t checks if ss have done the rest of the after-text exercises in their spare time, and discuss some common errors that crop up.(15 m) self-study room exercise s page 16 task 1 and task 2:
unit two office
g a g-up ①task: ask ss to read n's schedule for write their schedules for ive: ss can organize their activities in one day and make a time : 1> ss read warming-up task.2> go through n's schedule with ss 3> allow three mins for ss to do the task.4> ask some ss to present their work.②task: ask ss to answer the following questions in 1 what are duties for a typical secretary √handling correspondence √managing a filing system √keeping track of schedules operating and maintaining office equipment √dealing with phone calls
handling orders, budgeting or bookkeeping managing training or other personnel work table 2
which skills are required in a good secretary √being skillful in managing time
understanding staff needs and solving their problems handling customers' complaints effectively √being good at interpersonal relations √being able to settle office chaos
√being skillful in handling paperwork
knowing how to deal with other companies ge points paragraph 1 a variety of: a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some way girls come from a variety of different t: show or bw a sign of a particular situation or feeling low value of the dollar reflects growing concern about the us aph 2 depend on: be decided by e.g the price depends on the depends(on)whether you want to do it or m: smallest amount of something or number of things that is possible or necessary e.g llooking after a cat costs a minimum of$2000a : do the things that are necessary to complete a job.e.g computers can handle huge amounts of secretary will handle all the track of: to pay attention to someone or something so that you know what is happening to them e.g it's difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in e: use and control a machine or equipment;to run e.g mary was experienced in operating the company operates five riate: t or suitable for a particular time, situation or purpose e.g i didn't feel that this was an appropriate tine to mention the subject of with : to take the necessary action, especially in order to solve a problem e.g they should deal properly and fairly with any aph 3 efficient: g well and effectively without wasting money or energy staff think maria is a very efficient pate: expect that something wall happen and be ready for it is anticipated that next year the workers, wage will ential: or written in secret and intended to be kept secret s are required to keep patients, records completely aph 4 prospect.a person ,job ,plan, etc, that has good chance of success in the future;a possibility that something you hope for will happen
manager held out bright prospects for me if i would accept of his person, considered separately from the rest of the group or society is important to know that the virus can be passed from ered separately from other people or things in the same group inspanidual leaf on the tree is : continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time
ine pursued her acting career with great nging: ult in an interesting or enjoyable way ng young children is a challenging and rewarding the answers of task 1 & task 2 ig b in this section, t should ask ss to learn the new words and expressions by themselves as well as the text, and then let some of ss answer the exercises in ing to their performance, t gives them a score related to the total mark..ing & speaking in this section, ss are asked to listen they listen to from task1 to task5 for the first time, they should give the answers to each of the , t gives them the correct answers, and ss themselves give a score of task1 to task y, ss listen to the tape intensively for the second time, and t explains the key points for some difficult g make a introduction of an ss to finish task1 and task2 in class and check the project project asks ss to design a travel route and make an itinerary(旅行計(jì)劃).it helps to train ss to be competent in travel compare different airlines, hotels and places of interest to decide which is the most concept comes from real life, hence it's order to complete it successfully, ss should use the knowledge and skills they've learned from other activities in the sample on ss book provides an authentic travel itinerary for a three-day trip to can refer to it and make their work presented in a similar : the class into are several ways: ss pick up their own partners;teachers group fast learners with slow learners;ss find their partners by drawing lots.②defining the through the project with the class and clarify are advised to do it after ss study reading b.③timing & ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working riate time management and job spanision are likely to be serious problems at the beginning, where basic instructions from the teacher should come ss get used to the mini-project, they will become more them that different ss have different work but everybody contributes to the discuss first and then decide who will do present their evidence for this project, they need to show a written travel itinerary and explain it orally in them to do that after they study the whole : since it takes time and efforts to complete a project, you can ask only two or three groups to do each demonstrate their work in class and give your this way ,ss cerulean from each following websites are for your reference: http:///familu/ the answers of language lab -study room 動詞的時態(tài): 時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞通過自身的變化來表示動作發(fā)生的時間和所處的狀態(tài)的各種形式.每一種“時間—方式”就構(gòu)成一種時態(tài),所以英語動詞一共有16種時態(tài),其中最常用的有5種(**表示),較常用的有4種(*表示).現(xiàn)以動詞為例,將英語的16種時態(tài)列表如下: 一般 進(jìn)行 完成 完成進(jìn)行 過去 **wrote *was/were writing *had written had been writing 現(xiàn)在
**write / writes **am /is/are writing **have/has written *have / has been writing 將來
**will/shall/be going to write will/shall/be going to be writing will/shall/be going to have written will/shall/be going to have been writing 過去將來
would/should/be going to write would/should/be going to be writing would/should/be going to have written would/should/be going to have been writing in the part, t makes an analysis of each tense and gives some examples for them.(pay attention to each tense on some special conditions). language lab in class.(notes: t ask some ss to finish some exercises orally, and the translation exercises should be handed in and checked by t)homework: the new words and expressions in unit language lab(p29-30).preview the third 3 business meals
objectives:
grasp the main idea(the essence of writing is to write what one enjoys writing)and structure of the text(narration in chronological sequence);ing strategy and the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;conduct a series of listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the s: main idea of the reading a, and readingb the main idea;iate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text; the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;outlines: pre-reading tasks: warming-up task 1 complete the following table seating 2: principles of seating arrangement people who have common interests male and female guests of honor in most important person should be seated at the right hand of the -reading tasks: grasping the structure of the text(15 m)cultural backgroundthe essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing self-study room exercises on page 48 task 1 ,task 2 and task 3
unit five trade
warming-up task 1 objective: ss can identify the slogans of some famous : read warming-up task through slogans a-h with ss to match the slogans with the the permitting, encourage ss to brainstorm more ound information is a slogan
a slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a political , commercial , religious and other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or s in advertising are claimed to be the most effective means of drawing attention to one or more aspects of a y introduction nike a major publicly-traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the united is the world's leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel(服裝)and a major manufacturer of sports inc., is an american multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing consumer electronics and software nic is an international brand name for japanese electric products manufacturer
hita electric industrial co., this brand matsushita sells plasma(等離子)and lcd(liquid crystal display)panels, dvd recorders and players, telephones, microwave ovens, shavers, projectors, digital cameras, batteries, laptop computers, of these are marketed under their slogan “ideas for life”.l house is a brand of coffee manufactured by a like-named spanision of kraft --up is the brand of a soft motor co., ltd, shortened to nissan, is a multinational automaker headquartered in tly it is the third largest japanese car lijke philips electronics n.v., usually known as philips, is one of the largest electronics companies in the world, founded and headquartered in the products include consumer electronics, domestic appliances, lighting and medical ted answers a-7 b-2 c-1 d-4 e-5 f-8 g-3 h-6 task 2
objective: ss can identify several kinds of advertisement : read warming-up task 2 ss to work in pairs and list places where they have seen or heard the slogans in task 1 some ss to give their the class to add more if ize the various media used for ted answers poster , newspaper , tv commercial , outdoor signs , ge points paragraph 1 regardless of: paying no attention to law requires equal treatment for all ,regardless of race , religion or off :in a better situation , especially in financial terms my husband was made the manager , we are better ative: ing you can choose to do or use instead of something else there an alternative to what you propose
make sense : to have a clear meaning and be easy to understand this and tell me if it makes aph 2 process :n.a series of actions that are done in order to achieve a particular result g fit again has been a long slow lize(in): limit all or most of your study, business, a particular subject or activity y alice decided to specialize in contract er: e who buys and uses products and services re are a wider choice of goods for the consumers in big aph 3 benefit :ing that gives you advantages or improves your life in some way aid program will bring lasting benefits to the te: ted: complete: true , correct and not changing in any situation : not in comparison with other things absolute ruler need not ask anyone for permission to do anything.a child usually has absolute trust in his have an absolute right to refuse medical absolute terms wages have risen, but not in comparison with the cost of ative: ed or judged by comparing a lifetime of poverty, his last few years were spent in comparative : ted with or in accordance with the law is my legal advisor be inclined to : to have a tendency or wish to do something e.g.i am inclined to start at aph 4 party : of the people or groups involved in an argument, agreement, two parties are having difficulty agreeing with each aph 5 exchange: give something to someone and at the same time receive the same type of thing from them e.g.i shook hands and exchanged a few words with the act of giving something to someone and receiving something else from them you like my old tv in exchange for this camera likewise: same: in a similar way put up a hat and told the girls to do ipate(in): take part in or become involved in an activity ne in the class is expected to participate actively in these -project this project asks ss to sell something directly to helps ss develop promotion strategies and persuasion should use various methods to promote a particular product and adopt different strategies to persuade people to buy is actually a simulation of person-to-person order to complete it successfully, ss should use the knowledge and skills they've learned from other activities in the sample on ss, books provides a simplified promotion can refer to it and perform their promotion activity in a similar : the class into ng the through the project with the class and clarify are advised to do it after ss study reading ss to study the points listed in business & ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working age them to decide first which product to sell and then assign different members different present their evidence for this project, they need to perform a promotion activity in class and their classmates can take the roles of them to do it after they study the whole : ss can put up a sign with slogans on the classroom wall and bring in the products they want to sell..ss need to introduce the products orally in class and then try to persuade their classmates to —study room noun clauses 名詞性從句是高中英語語法條目中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn).許多學(xué)生任憑老師講的口干舌燥,習(xí)題做了不少,但仍不明白什么是名詞性從句,怎樣辨認(rèn),怎樣正確使用.我認(rèn)為原因有二:漢語語言中沒有名詞性從句;大多數(shù)語法書和材料應(yīng)用逐條講解的方式,缺乏對四種從句(主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句)之間的內(nèi)含,異同點(diǎn),位置,連詞用法系統(tǒng)講解.要讓學(xué)生正確理解名詞性從句,就要做到以下幾點(diǎn):化難為簡:把抽象的理論用通俗的例句展現(xiàn)出來;變模糊為清晰;把紛繁的語法條目用表格形式展現(xiàn)出來.在英語復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句.名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語,賓語,表語,同位語,介詞賓語等成分.依據(jù)其語法功能,名詞性從句又可分為主語從句,賓語從句,同位語從句和表語從句.教師: 同學(xué)們,今天我們學(xué)習(xí)語法——名詞性從句
學(xué)生甲:老師,名詞性從句是不是充當(dāng)名詞使用
教師:不完全是.在英語中,能擔(dān)任主語,賓語,表語,同位語的從句被稱為名詞性從句.名詞性從句含主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句.學(xué)生乙:老師,這些語法術(shù)語原來也聽到過,可從來不十分清楚.教師:這個很自然,原來我們沒有系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)這項(xiàng)語法,今天我們正式學(xué)習(xí),只要認(rèn)真聽講,一定會掌握的.你們知道,火車要有火車頭來引領(lǐng),名詞性從句也要有引領(lǐng)的東西;語法上叫連接詞.沒有火車頭,火車跑不起來;同樣沒有連接詞,名詞性從句就不能存在于復(fù)合句中.學(xué)生丙: 老師, 快告訴我們哪些詞可以當(dāng)名詞性從句中的連接詞.教師:根據(jù)名詞性從句所表達(dá)意義的不同,可將名詞性從句分成代表三種意義的從句,分別由不同的連接詞引導(dǎo),請看表.學(xué)生丁: 老師,我看過一些語法書,在講解名詞性從句時好像沒有陳述,是否,疑問這些概念.教師:不,一般語法書沒有從名詞性從句表達(dá)的含義出發(fā)引出連接詞,結(jié)果,造成學(xué)生們不能真正理解名詞性從句的意義.我通過多年教學(xué)實(shí)踐,探索出這個易于你們掌握名詞性從句的途徑.這樣分類,既有道理又符合你們的認(rèn)知水平.請看下面的三個分別表陳述,是否和疑問的從句:that he was saved;whether or not he was saved;who saved him我把上面的句子分別放到主語,賓語,表語和同位語的位置,這些句子自然就充當(dāng)該成分,即生成主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句.請看具體做法:放到主語的位置(生成主語從句):
that he was saved/whether or not he was saved / who saved him is clear.放到賓語的位置(生成賓語從句):
i don't know/that he was saved /whether or not he was saved /who saved him 放到表語的位置(生成表語從句):
the fact/the question is that he was saved./ whether or not he was saved./who saved him
放到同位語的位置(生成同位語從句): that he was have no doubt whether or not he was saved him
學(xué)生甲:老師,經(jīng)您這樣一講,名詞性從句一點(diǎn)都不困難了.可是,我們以前做的習(xí)題中,涉及到 it作形式主語,真正的主語是后面的主語從句.什么時候用it作形式主語呀
學(xué)生乙:還有,作賓語從句的連接詞that不是可以省略嗎 您怎么沒有講呀
學(xué)生丙: 老師,那天您給我解答問題時說,同位語從句解釋說明前面那個詞的內(nèi)容,您不是說有許多詞后面可以接同位語從句嗎 今天怎么只提到一個
教師:你們說的非常好,說明你們平時學(xué)習(xí)很留心.我剛才講的是名詞性從句大的框架.你們不是都明白了嗎 最基本的大框架理解了,枝節(jié)性的小問題還不好解決嗎 下面,我們就名詞性從句的細(xì)節(jié)問題逐一討論, 8 career
objectives: ts learn the basic parts of a job ts can identify their preferences for future master new words and expressions of text get to know the form of g-up task 1 objective: students learn the basic parts of a job :.students read warming-up task through the job offer with students and ask them to match descriptions a-e with their corresponding parts 1-5 in the advertisement..give the 2 objective: students can identify their preferences for future :.students read warming-up 2..get students to work in pairs and discuss the question..ask some pairs to persent their work..comment briefly on their ures: language points paragraph 1 decade:n.a period of ten years was the first meeting between the two companies in more than a aph 2 relate to:to be connected with relate to something i mentioned : make it certain that something will happen the necessary steps have been taken to ensure the safety of the wife ensured that he took his pills every aph 3 guarantee: promise that something will certainly happen pr be this opportunity,and i guarantee you won't regret utable to:likely to have been cased by something death was attribtable to gunshot demand:greatly desired d workers are in great demand in this aph 4 expand: become larger in size,number or amount,or to make something become larger population of the town expanded rapidly in the ous:ng or realizing something;aware e.g.i was very conscious of the fact that i had to make a good you conscious how people will regard such behavior in the face of:before;in the presence of could he do in the face of all these diffeculties open out:to become wider;to develop path opens out into a courtyard behind the ss has been opening out recently paragraph 5 identification: act or process of recognizing something t indentification of consumers' needs is important to the success of ily: research is concerned primarily with prevention of the ment:n.a process of making a judgment about a person or situation 's the ceo's assessment of the situation
the investigation was reopened after careful assessment of the new ve:ing that good things will happen or that a situation will get better;good,useful 've got to be more positive about your least something positive has come out of the the education and training in the world will not get you very far all the education and training in the world will not help you housing prices at this high level,$50,000won't get you very ss know-how what are employers looking for desired skills
.interpersonal rk ical and written ship experience personal iasm reading b(notes)job at:a job advertisement helps employers find the kind of employees they usually includes the information about the job,suchastitle,location,responsibilities,salary range and other benefits,and the minimum experience,skills and other qualifications required of the ing & speaking task 1 key: 1.b 2.c 3.d task 2
key: 1.f moving his career in another direction 2.f she's glad to do so 3.t 4.t task 3 key :selling furniture have to be physically strong working on weekdays need to have driver's license task 6 key: interviewee information name sally huang university(m.a)ubc education management current employer express english current job secretary task 5(omitted)task 6(omitted)writing task 1
suggested answers resume 1.a resume is a sunmary of one's qualifications,which describes him/her and shows what he/she can should make a good first impression to a potential employer will decide whether he/she is qualified or not for their position according to the ,the employer will use the resume to determine whether to bring him/her into the office for an ore,a good resume is important in ance is important,but content is even more information in one's resume needs to be well organized,easy to read and should address the employer's needs and show the employer how he/she will benef should focus on his /her achievements and career goals…
3.a resume usually includes one's personal information,objective,education details,work experience,skills,interest,personality,and so -project work in groups,each group performs a job the interviewers report which applicant is best qualified for the job with the help of the observation : group members act as interviewers and the rest as iewees should prepare resumes and present them at the beginning of the iewers need to observe and put questions to the interviewees and fill in the observation sheet during the -project this project asks students to simulate a job interview and helps them develop interview skills,the interview simulation demands students to play the roles of interviewers and interviewees' performance and then decide who to hire with sound iewees need to prepare resume before participating in whole process corresponds with what happens in the real it is authentic and order to complete it successfully,students should use the knowledge and skills they've learned from other activities in the –study room: nonfinite verb 一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容: 初步掌握非謂語的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法 二.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)
掌握非謂語所能夠充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?/p>
(一)非謂語的分類以及各自在句子中所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?非謂語分為不定式,動名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞.(動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同)現(xiàn)在分詞:(doing,having done,being done,having been done)1.現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中做表語.(即進(jìn)行時態(tài))如: he is playing football on the playground.i was studying english from 1991 to 1999.2.現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中做定語.如: do you know the man speaking to my teacher i saw a sleeping cat when i entered the room.3.現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中做狀語.現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中做狀語表示在主句動作發(fā)生的同時,主語又發(fā)生的事情.如: the boy sat there thinking about his pla man looked at his broken car, wondering how much it will cost to get it finished his breakfast, tom went to highly praised, he thought of another great adventure.注意:非謂語做狀語的時候,其邏輯主語一定是主句的主語, 如: having examined him, the doctor told him been examined, he was told ok.特例:不需與主句主語一致的現(xiàn)在分詞狀語有:judging from/by, generally speaking,considering,talking of,supposing,beginning等)
4.在句子中做賓補(bǔ).(以現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)的動詞主要有:mind,suggest, imagine,see, hear,feel,smell,taste,keep等)如: can you imagine him waiting here for another 2 hours he suggested us going home and coming here smelt something just kept her students cleaning the classroom every were suggested going was seen playing the violin wonderfully.過去分詞: 1.過去分詞在句子中做表語.(即被動語態(tài))如: his job has been is highly praised.2.過去分詞在句子中做定語.如: do you know the difference between written and spoken english the house with a broken window is window broken by him is being repaired now.3.過去分詞在句子中做賓補(bǔ).(接過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的動詞主要有:get,make,have, see,hear等)
he has had/made/got his hair saw her husband killed in the hair was made was heard awarded the oscar award.4.過去分詞做狀語.注意非謂語做狀語的時候,ted, he would have succeeded in doing that.討論:此句為什么不用having been permitted
本句的句意是“如果當(dāng)時他被允許(做這件事)的話,他本會成功的” 過去分詞做狀語可以表示條件,與if + done可以互換.而現(xiàn)在分詞中的完成被動式不可以,它只可以表示完成被動, 而且只有非謂語與謂語是很鮮明的先后關(guān)系時才可以用(平時很少用到)如: having been finished, his homework was sent to his teacher to be corrected.如果非謂語與謂語是一般的先后關(guān)系的話,直接用過去分詞即可 如: guided by the guide, he found the place d by the teacher, he felt very depressed.英語中用主動表示被動的情況
1.在不定式做定語時,如果不定式的真正主語(未必是本句的主語)出現(xiàn)了的話,要
用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài).如: i have some homework to do.i have some homework for you to do.i have some homework to be is some homework to do/to be is some homework for us to building to be built is our new building for them to build is our new library.2.出現(xiàn)在表示主語性質(zhì)的形容詞后面的不定式,要用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài).如: this book is easy to tv is cheap to buy.3.謂語動詞在表示主語性質(zhì)的時候,要用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài).如: this kind of books sell pen writes 't drop the ink over your doesn't wash out.4.一些詞組中的動名詞的用法.(be worth doing,need/want/require/deserve)如:the car needs/wants/requires book deserves/is worth reading.
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