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ted演講中英雙語篇一
well today i want to present to you an idea that may be surprising and may even seem implausible, but which is supported by the latest evidence from psychology and biology. and that is that some of the most important learning we ever do happens before we're born, while we're still in the womb. now i'm a science reporter. i write books and magazine articles. and i'm also a mother. and those two roles came together for me in a book that i wrote called "origins." "origins" is a report from the front lines of an exciting new field called fetal origins. fetal origins is a scientific discipline that emerged just about two decades ago, and it's based on the theory that our health and well-being throughout our lives is crucially affected by the nine months we spend in the womb. now this theory was of more than just intellectual interest to me. i was myself pregnant while i was doing the research for the book. and one of the most fascinating insights i took from this work is that we're all learning about the world even before we enter it.
when we hold our babies for the first time, we might imagine that they're clean slates, unmarked by life, when in fact, they've already been shaped by us and by the particular world we live in. today i want to share with you some of the amazing things that scientists are discovering about what fetuses learn while they're still in their mothers' bellies.
first of all, they learn the sound of their mothers' voices. because sounds from the outside world have to travel through the mother's abdominal tissue and through the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus, the voices fetuses hear, starting around the fourth month of gestation, are muted and muffled. one researcher says that they probably sound a lot like the the voice of charlie brown's teacher in the old "peanuts" cartoon. but the pregnant woman's own voice reverberates through her body, reaching the fetus much more readily. and because the fetus is with her all the time, it hears her voice a lot. once the baby's born, it recognizes her voice and it prefers listening to her voice over anyone else's.
how can we know this? newborn babies can't do much, but one thing they're really good at is sucking. researchers take advantage of this fact by rigging up two rubber nipples, so that if a baby sucks on one, it hears a recording of its mother's voice on a pair of headphones, and if it sucks on the other nipple, it hears a recording of a female stranger's voice. babies quickly show their preference by choosing the first one. scientists also take advantage of the fact that babies will slow down their sucking when something interests them and resume their fast sucking when they get bored. this is how researchers discovered that, after women repeatedly read aloud a section of dr. seuss' "the cat in the hat" while they were pregnant, their newborn babies recognized that passage when they hear it outside the womb. my favorite experiment of this kind is the one that showed that the babies of women who watched a certain soap opera every day during pregnancy recognized the theme song of that show once they were born. so fetuses are even learning about the particular language that's spoken in the world that they'll be born into.
a study published last year found that from birth, from the moment of birth, babies cry in the accent of their mother's native language. french babies cry on a rising note while german babies end on a falling note, imitating the melodic contours of those languages. now why would this kind of fetal learning be useful? it may have evolved to aid the baby's survival. from the moment of birth, the baby responds most to the voice of the person who is most likely to care for it -- its mother. it even makes its cries sound like the mother's language, which may further endear the baby to the mother, and which may give the baby a head start in the critical task of learning how to understand and speak its native language.
but it's not just sounds that fetuses are learning about in utero. it's also tastes and smells. by seven months of gestation, the fetus' taste buds are fully developed, and its olfactory receptors, which allow it to smell, are functioning. the flavors of the food a pregnant woman eats find their way into the amniotic fluid, which is continuously swallowed by the fetus. babies seem to remember and prefer these tastes once they're out in the world. in one experiment, a group of pregnant women was asked to drink a lot of carrot juice during their third trimester of pregnancy, while another group of pregnant women drank only water. six months later, the women's infants were offered cereal mixed with carrot juice, and their facial expressions were observed while they ate it. the offspring of the carrot juice drinking women ate more carrot-flavored cereal, and from the looks of it, they seemed to enjoy it more.
a sort of french version of this experiment was carried out in dijon, france where researchers found that mothers who consumed food and drink flavored with licorice-flavored anise during pregnancy showed a preference for anise on their first day of life, and again, when they were tested later, on their fourth day of life. babies whose mothers did not eat anise during pregnancy showed a reaction that translated roughly as "yuck." what this means is that fetuses are effectively being taught by their mothers about what is safe and good to eat. fetuses are also being taught about the particular culture that they'll be joining through one of culture's most powerful expressions, which is food. they're being introduced to the characteristic flavors and spices of their culture's cuisine even before birth.
now it turns out that fetuses are learning even bigger lessons. but before i get to that, i want to address something that you may be wondering about. the notion of fetal learning may conjure up for you attempts to enrich the fetus -- like playing mozart through headphones placed on a pregnant belly. but actually, the nine-month-long process of molding and shaping that goes on in the womb is a lot more visceral and consequential than that. much of what a pregnant woman encounters in her daily life -- the air she breathes, the food and drink she consumes, the chemicals she's exposed to, even the emotions she feels -- are shared in some fashion with her fetus. they make up a mix of influences as inspanidual and idiosyncratic as the woman herself. the fetus incorporates these offerings into its own body, makes them part of its flesh and blood. and often it does something more. it treats these maternal contributions as information, as what i like to call biological postcards from the world outside.
so what a fetus is learning about in utero is not mozart's "magic flute" but answers to questions much more critical to its survival. will it be born into a world of abundance or scarcity? will it be safe and protected, or will it face constant dangers and threats? will it live a long, fruitful life or a short, harried one? the pregnant woman's diet and stress level in particular provide important clues to prevailing conditions like a finger lifted to the wind. the resulting tuning and tweaking of a fetus' brain and other organs are part of what give us humans our enormous flexibility, our ability to thrive in a huge variety of environments, from the country to the city, from the tundra to the desert.
to conclude, i want to tell you two stories about how mothers teach their children about the world even before they're born. in the autumn of 1944, the darkest days of world war ii, german troops blockaded western holland, turning away all shipments of food. the opening of the nazi's siege was followed by one of the harshest winters in decades -- so cold the water in the canals froze solid. soon food became scarce, with many dutch surviving on just 500 calories a day -- a quarter of what they consumed before the war. as weeks of deprivation stretched into months, some resorted to eating tulip bulbs. by the beginning of may, the nation's carefully rationed food reserve was completely exhausted. the specter of mass starvation loomed. and then on may 5th, 1945, the siege came to a sudden end when holland was liberated by the allies.
the "hunger winter," as it came to be known, killed some 10,000 people and weakened thousands more. but there was another population that was affected -- the 40,000 fetuses in utero during the siege. some of the effects of malnutrition during pregnancy were immediately apparent in higher rates of stillbirths, birth defects, low birth weights and infant mortality. but others wouldn't be discovered for many years. decades after the "hunger winter," researchers documented that people whose mothers were pregnant during the siege have more obesity, more diabetes and more heart disease in later life than inspaniduals who were gestated under normal conditions. these inspaniduals' prenatal experience of starvation seems to have changed their bodies in myriad ways. they have higher blood pressure, poorer cholesterol profiles and reduced glucose tolerance -- a precursor of diabetes.
why would undernutrition in the womb result in disease later? one explanation is that fetuses are making the best of a bad situation. when food is scarce, they spanert nutrients towards the really critical organ, the brain, and away from other organs like the heart and liver. this keeps the fetus alive in the short-term, but the bill comes due later on in life when those other organs, deprived early on, become more susceptible to disease.
but that may not be all that's going on. it seems that fetuses are taking cues from the intrauterine environment and tailoring their physiology accordingly. they're preparing themselves for the kind of world they will encounter on the other side of the womb. the fetus adjusts its metabolism and other physiological processes in anticipation of the environment that awaits it. and the basis of the fetus' prediction is what its mother eats. the meals a pregnant woman consumes constitute a kind of story, a fairy tale of abundance or a grim chronicle of deprivation. this story imparts information that the fetus uses to organize its body and its systems -- an adaptation to prevailing circumstances that facilitates its future survival. faced with severely limited resources, a smaller-sized child with reduced energy requirements will, in fact, have a better chance of living to adulthood.
the real trouble comes when pregnant women are, in a sense, unreliable narrators, when fetuses are led to expect a world of scarcity and are born instead into a world of plenty. this is what happened to the children of the dutch "hunger winter." and their higher rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease are the result. bodies that were built to hang onto every calorie found themselves swimming in the superfluous calories of the post-war western diet. the world they had learned about while in utero was not the same as the world into which they were born.
here's another story. at 8:46 a.m. on september 11th, 20xx, there were tens of thousands of people in the vicinity of the world trade center in new york -- commuters spilling off trains, waitresses setting tables for the morning rush, brokers already working the phones on wall street. 1,700 of these people were pregnant women. when the planes struck and the towers collapsed, many of these women experienced the same horrors inflicted on other survivors of the disaster -- the overwhelming chaos and confusion, the rolling clouds of potentially toxic dust and debris, the heart-pounding fear for their lives.
about a year after 9/11, researchers examined a group of women who were pregnant when they were exposed to the world trade center attack. in the babies of those women who developed post-traumatic stress syndrome, or ptsd, following their ordeal, researchers discovered a biological marker of susceptibility to ptsd -- an effect that was most pronounced in infants whose mothers experienced the catastrophe in their third trimester. in other words, the mothers with post-traumatic stress syndrome had passed on a vulnerability to the condition to their children while they were still in utero.
now consider this: post-traumatic stress syndrome appears to be a reaction to stress gone very wrong, causing its victims tremendous unnecessary suffering. but there's another way of thinking about ptsd. what looks like pathology to us may actually be a useful adaptation in some circumstances. in a particularly dangerous environment, the characteristic manifestations of ptsd -- a hyper-awareness of one's surroundings, a quick-trigger response to danger -- could save someone's life. the notion that the prenatal transmission of ptsd risk is adaptive is still speculative, but i find it rather poignant. it would mean that, even before birth, mothers are warning their children that it's a wild world out there, telling them, "be careful."
let me be clear. fetal origins research is not about blaming women for what happens during pregnancy. it's about discovering how best to promote the health and well-being of the next generation. that important effort must include a focus on what fetuses learn during the nine months they spend in the womb. learning is one of life's most essential activities, and it begins much earlier than we ever imagined.
thank you.
ted演講中英雙語篇二
hi. i'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.
嗨。我在這里要和大家談?wù)?向別人表達(dá)贊美，傾佩和謝意的重要性。 并使它們聽來真誠，具體。
and the way i got interested in this was, i noticed in myself, when i was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that i would want to say thank you to someone, i would want to praise them, i would want to take in their praise of me and i'd just stop it. and i asked myself, why? i felt shy, i felt embarrassed. and then my question became, am i the only one who does this? so, i decided to investigate.
之所以我對此感興趣 是因?yàn)槲覐奈易约旱某砷L中注意到 幾年前， 當(dāng)我想要對某個(gè)人說聲謝謝時(shí)， 當(dāng)我想要贊美他們時(shí)， 當(dāng)我想接受他們對我的贊揚(yáng)， 但我卻沒有說出口。 我問我自己，這是為什么? 我感到害羞，我感到尷尬。 接著我產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)問題 難道我是唯一一個(gè)這么做的人嗎? 所以我決定做些探究。
i'm fortunate enough to work in the rehab facility, so i get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction. and sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them. but then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son. it's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.
我非常幸運(yùn)的在一家康復(fù)中心工作， 所以我可以看到那些因?yàn)樯习a而面臨生與死的人。 有時(shí)候這一切可以非常簡單地歸結(jié)為， 他們最核心的創(chuàng)傷來自于他們父親到死都未說過“他為他們而自豪”。 但他們從所有其它家庭或朋友那里得知 他的父親告訴其他人為他感到自豪， 但這個(gè)父親從沒告訴過他兒子。 因?yàn)樗恢浪膬鹤有枰牭竭@一切。
so my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we need? i know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, "thank you for being the breadwinner, so i can stay home with the kids," but won't ask. i know a woman who's good at this. she, once a week, meets with her husband and says, "i'd really like you to thank me for all these things i did in the house and with the kids." and he goes, "oh, this is great, this is great." and praise really does have to be genuine, but she takes responsibility for that. and a friend of mine, april, who i've had since kindergarten, she thanks her children for doing their chores. and she said, "why wouldn't i thank it, even though they're supposed to do it?"
因此我的問題是，為什么我們不索求我們需要的東西呢? 我認(rèn)識一個(gè)結(jié)婚20xx年的男士 渴望聽到他妻子說， “感謝你為這個(gè)家在外賺錢，這樣我才能在家陪伴著孩子，” 但他從來不去問。 我認(rèn)識一個(gè)精于此道的女士。 每周一次，她見到丈夫后會說， “我真的希望你為我對這個(gè)家和孩子們付出的努力而感謝我?！?他會應(yīng)和到“哦，真是太棒了，真是太棒了。” 贊揚(yáng)別人一定要真誠， 但她對贊美承擔(dān)了責(zé)任。 一個(gè)從我上幼兒園就一直是朋友的叫april的人， 她會感謝她的孩子們做了家務(wù)。 她說：“為什么我不表示感謝呢，即使他們本來就要做那些事情?”
so, the question is, why was i blocking it? why were other people blocking it? why can i say, "i'll take my steak medium rare, i need size six shoes," but i won't say, "would you praise me this way?" and it's because i'm giving you critical data about me. i'm telling you where i'm insecure. i'm telling you where i need your help. and i'm treating you, my inner circle, like you're the enemy. because what can you do with that data? you could neglect me. you could abuse it. or you could actually meet my need.
因此我的問題是，為什么我不說呢? 為什么其它人不說呢? 為什么我能說：“我要一塊中等厚度的牛排， 我需要6號尺寸的鞋子，” 但我卻不能說：“你可以贊揚(yáng)我嗎?” 因?yàn)檫@會使我把我的重要信息與你分享。 會讓我告訴了你我內(nèi)心的不安。 會讓你認(rèn)為我需要你的幫助。 雖然你是我最貼心的人， 我卻把你當(dāng)作是敵人。 你會用我托付給你的重要信息做些什么呢? 你可以忽視我。 你可以濫用它。 或者你可以滿足我的要求。
and i took my bike into the bike store-- i love this -- same bike, and they'd do something called "truing" the wheels. the guy said, "you know, when you true the wheels, it's going to make the bike so much better." i get the same bike back, and they've taken all the little warps out of those same wheels i've had for two and a half years, and my bike is like new. so, i'm going to challenge all of you. i want you to true your wheels: be honest about the praise that you need to hear. what do you need to hear? go home to your wife -- go ask her, what does she need? go home to your husband -- what does he need? go home and ask those questions, and then help the people around you.
我把我的自行車拿到車行--我喜歡這么做-- 同樣的自行車，他們會對車輪做整形。 那里的人說：“當(dāng)你對車輪做整形時(shí)， 它會使自行車變成更好?！?我把這輛自行車拿回來， 他們把有小小彎曲的鐵絲從輪子上拿走 這輛車我用了2年半，現(xiàn)在還像新的一樣。 所以我要問在場的所有人， 我希望你們把你們的車輪整形一下： 真誠面對對你們想聽到的贊美。 你們想聽到什么呢? 回家問問你們的妻子，她想聽到什么? 回家問問你們的丈夫，他想聽到什么? 回家問問這些問題，并幫助身邊的人實(shí)現(xiàn)它們。
and it's simple. and why should we care about this? we talk about world peace. how can we have world peace with different cultures, different languages? i think it starts household by household, under the same roof. so, let's make it right in our own backyard. and i want to thank all of you in the audience for being great husbands, great mothers, friends, daughters, sons. and maybe somebody's never said that to you, but you've done a really, really good job. and thank you for being here, just showing up and changing the world with your ideas.
非常簡單。 為什么要關(guān)心這個(gè)呢? 我們談?wù)撌澜绾推健?我們怎么用不同的文化，不同的語言來保持世界和平? 我想要從每個(gè)小家庭開始。 所以讓我們在家里就把這件事情做好。 我想要感謝所有在這里的人們 因?yàn)槟銈兪呛谜煞?，好母親， 好伙伴，好女兒和好兒子。 或許有些人從沒跟你們說過 但你們已經(jīng)做得非常非常得出色了。 感謝你們來到這里， 向世界顯示著你們的智慧，并用它們改變著世界。
ted演講中英雙語篇三
imagine a big explosion as you climb through 3,000 ft. imagine a plane full of smoke. imagine an engine going clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack. it sounds scary.
想像一個(gè)大爆炸，當(dāng)你在三千多英尺的高空;想像機(jī)艙內(nèi)布滿黑煙，想像引擎發(fā)出喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦的聲響，聽起來很可怕。
well i had a unique seat that day. i was sitting in 1d. i was the only one who can talk to the flight attendants. so i looked at them right away, and they said, "no problem. we probably hit some birds." the pilot had already turned the plane around, and we weren't that far. you could see manhattan.
那天我的位置很特別，我坐在1d，我是唯一可以和空服員說話的人，于是我立刻看著他們，他們說，“沒問題，我們可能撞上鳥了。” 機(jī)長已經(jīng)把機(jī)頭轉(zhuǎn)向，我們離目的地很近，已經(jīng)可以看到曼哈頓了。
two minutes later, 3 things happened at the same time. the pilot lines up the plane with the hudson river. that's usually not the route. he turns off the engines. now imagine being in a plane with no sound. and then he says 3 words-the most unemotional 3 words i've ever heard. he says, "brace for impact."
兩分鐘以后，三件事情同時(shí)發(fā)生：機(jī)長把飛機(jī)對齊哈德遜河，一般的航道可不是這樣。他關(guān)上引擎。想像坐在一架沒有聲音的飛機(jī)上。然后他說了幾個(gè)字，我聽過最不帶情緒的幾個(gè)字，他說，“即將迫降，小心沖擊。”
i didn't have to talk to the flight attendant anymore. i could see in her eyes, it was terror. life was over.
我不用再問空服員什么了。我可以在她眼神里看到恐懼，人生結(jié)束了。
now i want to share with you 3 things i learned about myself that day.
現(xiàn)在我想和你們分享那天我所學(xué)到的三件事。
i leant that it all changes in an instant. we have this bucket list, we have these things we want to do in life, and i thought about all the people i wanted to reach out to that i didn't, all the fences i wanted to mend, all the experiences i wanted to have and i never did. as i thought about that later on, i came up with a saying, which is, "collect bad wines". because if the wine is ready and the person is there, i'm opening it. i no longer want to postpone anything in life. and that urgency, that purpose, has really changed my life.
在那一瞬間內(nèi)，一切都改變了。我們的人生目標(biāo)清單，那些我們想做的事，所有那些我想聯(lián)絡(luò)卻沒有聯(lián)絡(luò)的人，那些我想修補(bǔ)的圍墻，人際關(guān)系，所有我想經(jīng)歷卻沒有經(jīng)歷的事。之后我回想那些事，我想到一句話，那就是，“我收藏的酒都很差?！?因?yàn)槿绻埔殉墒?，分享對象也有，我早就把把酒打開了。我不想再把生命中的任何事延后，這種緊迫感、目標(biāo)性改變了我的生命。
the second thing i learnt that day - and this is as we clear the george washington bridge, which was by not a lot - i thought about, wow, i really feel one real regret, i've lived a good life. in my own humanity and mistaked, i've tired to get better at everything i tried. but in my humanity, i also allow my ego to get in. and i regretted the time i wasted on things that did not matter with people that matter. and i thought about my relationship with my wife, my friends, with people. and after, as i reflected on that, i decided to eliminate negative energy from my life. it's not perfect, but it's a lot better. i've not had a fight with my wife in 2 years. it feels great. i no longer try to be right; i choose to be happy.
那天我學(xué)到的第二件事是，正當(dāng)我們通過喬治華盛頓大橋，那也沒過多久，我想，哇，我有一件真正后悔的事。雖然我有人性缺點(diǎn)，也犯了些錯(cuò)，但我生活得其實(shí)不錯(cuò)。我試著把每件事做得更好。但因?yàn)槿诵裕译y免有些自我中心，我后悔竟然花了許多時(shí)間，和生命中重要的人討論那些不重要的事。我想到我和妻子、朋友及人們的關(guān)系，之后，回想這件事時(shí)，我決定除掉我人生中的負(fù)面情緒。還沒完全做到，但確實(shí)好多了。過去兩年我從未和妻子吵架，感覺很好，我不再嘗試爭論對錯(cuò)，我選擇快樂。
the third thing i learned - and this's as you mental clock starts going, "15, 14, 13." you can see the water coming. i'm saying, "please blow up." i don't want this thing to break in 20 pieces like you've seen in those documentaries. and as we're coming down, i had a sense of, wow, dying is not scary. it's almost like we've been preparing for it our whole lives .but it was very sad. i didn't want to go. i love my life. and that sadness really framed in one thought, which is, i only wish for one thing. i only wish i could see my kids grow up.
我所學(xué)到的第三件事是，當(dāng)你腦中的始終開始倒數(shù)“15，14，13”，看到水開始涌入，心想，“拜托爆炸吧!” 我不希望這東西碎成20片，就像紀(jì)錄片中看到的那樣。當(dāng)我們逐漸下沉，我突然感覺到，哇，死亡并不可怕，就像是我們一生一直在為此做準(zhǔn)備，但很令人悲傷。我不想就這樣離開，我熱愛我的生命。這個(gè)悲傷的主要來源是，我只期待一件事，我只希望能看到孩子長大。
about a month later, i was at a performance by my daugter - first-grade, not much artistic talent... yet. and i 'm balling, i'm crying, like a little kid. and it made all the sense in the world to me. i realized at that point by connecting those two dots, that the only thing that matters in my life is being a great dad. above all, above all, the only goal i have in life is to be a good dad.
一個(gè)月后，我參加女兒的表演，她一年級，沒什么藝術(shù)天份，就算如此。我淚流滿面，像個(gè)孩子，這讓我的世界重新有了意義。當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)我意識到，將這兩件事連接起來，其實(shí)我生命中唯一重要的事，就是成為一個(gè)好父親，比任何事都重要，比任何事都重要，我人生中唯一的目標(biāo)就是做個(gè)好父親。
i was given the gift of a miracle, of not dying that day. i was given another gift, which was to be able to see into the future and come back and live differently.
那天我經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)奇跡，我活下來了。我還得到另一個(gè)啟示，像是看見自己的未來再回來，改變自己的人生。
i challenge you guys that are flying today, imagine the same thing happens on your plane - and please don't - but imagine, and how would you change? what would you get done that you're waiting to get done because you think you'll be here forever? how would you change your relationtships and the negative energy in them? and more than anything, are you being the best parent you can?
我鼓勵(lì)今天要坐飛機(jī)的各位，想像如果你坐的飛機(jī)出了同樣的事，最好不要-但想像一下，你會如何改變?有什么是你想做卻沒做的，因?yàn)槟阌X得你有其它機(jī)會做它?你會如何改變你的人際關(guān)系，不再如此負(fù)面?最重要的是，你是否盡力成為一個(gè)好父母?
thank you.
謝謝。
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