2023年初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形公式 初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形題庫(kù)及答案(大全三篇)

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2023年初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形公式 初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形題庫(kù)及答案(大全三篇)
時(shí)間:2023-04-07 17:29:37     小編:zdfb

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初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形公式 初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形題庫(kù)及答案篇一

在直角三角形中,除直角外,一共有五個(gè)元素,即三條邊和兩個(gè)銳角,由直角三角形中除直角外的已知元素,求出所有未知元素的過(guò)程叫做解直角三角形。

解直角三角形的邊角關(guān)系:

在rt△abc中,∠c=90°,∠a,∠b,∠c所對(duì)的邊分別為a,b,c,

解直角三角形的應(yīng)用:

一般步驟是:

(1)將實(shí)際問(wèn)題抽象為數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題(畫(huà)圖,轉(zhuǎn)化為直角三角形的問(wèn)題);

(2)根據(jù)題目的條件,適當(dāng)選擇銳角三角函數(shù)等去解三角形;

(3)得到數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題的答案;

(4)還原為實(shí)際問(wèn)題的答案。

銳角三角函數(shù):

sina=a/c,cosa=b/c,tana=a/b,cota=b/a

(1)互余角的三角函數(shù)值之間的關(guān)系:

若∠ a+∠ b=90°,那么sina=cosb或sinb=cosa

(2)同角的三角函數(shù)值之間的關(guān)系:

①sin2a+cos2a=1

②tana=sina/cosa

③tana=1/tanb

④a/sina=b/sinb=c/sinc

(3)銳角三角函數(shù)隨角度的變化規(guī)律:

銳角∠a的tan值和sin值隨著角度的增大而增大,cos值隨著角度的增大而減小。

解直角三角形的函數(shù)值列舉:

sin1=0.01745240643728351 sin2=0.03489949670250097 sin3=0.05233595624294383

sin4=0.0697564737441253 sin5=0.08715574274765816 sin6=0.10452846326765346

sin7=0.12186934340514747 sin8=0.13917310096006544 sin9=0.15643446504023087

sin10=0.17364817766693033 sin11=0.1908089953765448 sin12=0.20791169081775931

sin13=0.22495105434386497 sin14=0.24192189559966773 sin15=0.25881904510252074

sin16=0.27563735581699916 sin17=0.2923717047227367 sin18=0.3090169943749474

sin19=0.3255681544571567 sin20=0.3420201433256687 sin21=0.35836794954530027

sin22=0.374606593415912 sin23=0.3907311284892737 sin24=0.40673664307580015

sin25=0.42261826174069944 sin26=0.4383711467890774 sin27=0.45399049973954675

sin28=0.4694715627858908 sin29=0.48480962024633706 sin30=0.49999999999999994

sin31=0.5150380749100542 sin32=0.5299192642332049 sin33=0.544639035015027

sin34=0.5591929034707468 sin35=0.573576436351046 sin36=0.5877852522924731

sin37=0.6018150231520483 sin38=0.6156614753256583 sin39=0.6293203910498375

sin40=0.6427876096865392 sin41=0.6560590289905073 sin42=0.6691306063588582

sin43=0.6819983600624985 sin44=0.6946583704589972 sin45=0.7071067811865475

sin46=0.7193398003386511 sin47=0.7313537016191705 sin48=0.7431448254773941

sin49=0.7547095802227719 sin50=0.766044443118978 sin51=0.7771459614569708

sin52=0.7880107536067219 sin53=0.7986355100472928 sin54=0.8090169943749474

sin55=0.8191520442889918 sin56=0.8290375725550417 sin57=0.8386705679454239

sin58=0.848048096156426 sin59=0.8571673007021122 sin60=0.8660254037844386

sin61=0.8746197071393957 sin62=0.8829475928589269 sin63=0.8910065241883678

sin64=0.898794046299167 sin65=0.9063077870366499 sin66=0.9135454576426009

sin67=0.9205048534524404 sin68=0.9271838545667873 sin69=0.9335804264972017

sin70=0.9396926207859083 sin71=0.9455185755993167 sin72=0.9510565162951535

sin73=0.9563047559630354 sin74=0.9612616959383189 sin75=0.9659258262890683

sin76=0.9702957262759965 sin77=0.9743700647852352 sin78=0.9781476007338057

sin79=0.981627183447664 sin80=0.984807753012208 sin81=0.9876883405951378

sin82=0.9902680687415704 sin83=0.992546151641322 sin84=0.9945218953682733

sin85=0.9961946980917455 sin86=0.9975640502598242 sin87=0.9986295347545738

sin88=0.9993908270190958 sin89=0.9998476951563913

sin90=1

cos1=0.9998476951563913 cos2=0.9993908270190958 cos3=0.9986295347545738

cos4=0.9975640502598242 cos5=0.9961946980917455 cos6=0.9945218953682733

cos7=0.992546151641322 cos8=0.9902680687415704 cos9=0.9876883405951378

cos10=0.984807753012208 cos11=0.981627183447664 cos12=0.9781476007338057

cos13=0.9743700647852352 cos14=0.9702957262759965 cos15=0.9659258262890683

cos16=0.9612616959383189 cos17=0.9563047559630355 cos18=0.9510565162951535

cos19=0.9455185755993168 cos20=0.9396926207859084 cos21=0.9335804264972017

cos22=0.9271838545667874 cos23=0.9205048534524404 cos24=0.9135454576426009

cos25=0.9063077870366499 cos26=0.898794046299167 cos27=0.8910065241883679

cos28=0.882947592858927 cos29=0.8746197071393957 cos30=0.8660254037844387

cos31=0.8571673007021123 cos32=0.848048096156426 cos33=0.838670567945424

cos34=0.8290375725550417 cos35=0.8191520442889918 cos36=0.8090169943749474

cos37=0.7986355100472928 cos38=0.7880107536067219 cos39=0.7771459614569709

cos40=0.766044443118978 cos41=0.754709580222772 cos42=0.7431448254773942

cos43=0.7313537016191705 cos44=0.7193398003386512 cos45=0.7071067811865476

cos46=0.6946583704589974 cos47=0.6819983600624985 cos48=0.6691306063588582

cos49=0.6560590289905074 cos50=0.6427876096865394 cos51=0.6293203910498375

cos52=0.6156614753256583 cos53=0.6018150231520484 cos54=0.5877852522924731

cos55=0.5735764363510462 cos56=0.5591929034707468 cos57=0.5446390350150272

cos58=0.5299192642332049 cos59=0.5150380749100544 cos60=0.5000000000000001

cos61=0.4848096202463371 cos62=0.46947156278589086 cos63=0.4539904997395468

cos64=0.43837114678907746 cos65=0.42261826174069944 cos66=0.4067366430758004

cos67=0.3907311284892737 cos68=0.3746065934159122 cos69=0.35836794954530015

cos70=0.3420201433256688 cos71=0.32556815445715675 cos72=0.30901699437494745

cos73=0.29237170472273677 cos74=0.27563735581699916 cos75=0.25881904510252074

cos76=0.24192189559966767 cos77=0.22495105434386514 cos78=0.20791169081775923

cos79=0.19080899537654491 cos80=0.17364817766693041 cos81=0.15643446504023092

cos82=0.13917310096006546 cos83=0.12186934340514749 cos84=0.10452846326765346

cos85=0.08715574274765836 cos86=0.06975647374412523 cos87=0.052335956242943966

cos88=0.03489949670250108 cos89=0.0174524064372836

cos90=0

tan1=0.017455064928217585 tan2=0.03492076949174773 tan3=0.052407779283041196

tan4=0.06992681194351041 tan5=0.08748866352592401 tan6=0.10510423526567646

tan7=0.1227845609029046 tan8=0.14054083470239145 tan9=0.15838444032453627

tan10=0.17632698070846497 tan11=0.19438030913771848 tan12=0.2125565616700221

tan13=0.2308681911255631 tan14=0.24932800284318068 tan15=0.2679491924311227

tan16=0.2867453857588079 tan17=0.30573068145866033 tan18=0.3249196962329063

tan19=0.34432761328966527 tan20=0.36397023426620234 tan21=0.3838640350354158

tan22=0.4040262258351568 tan23=0.4244748162096047 tan24=0.4452286853085361

tan25=0.4663076581549986 tan26=0.4877325885658614 tan27=0.5095254494944288

tan28=0.5317094316614788 tan29=0.554309051452769 tan30=0.5773502691896257

tan31=0.6008606190275604 tan32=0.6248693519093275 tan33=0.6494075931975104

tan34=0.6745085168424265 tan35=0.7002075382097097 tan36=0.7265425280053609

tan37=0.7535540501027942 tan38=0.7812856265067174 tan39=0.8097840331950072

tan40=0.8390996311772799 tan41=0.8692867378162267 tan42=0.9004040442978399

tan43=0.9325150861376618 tan44=0.9656887748070739 tan45=0.9999999999999999

tan46=1.0355303137905693 tan47=1.0723687100246826 tan48=1.1106125148291927

tan49=1.1503684072210092 tan50=1.19175359259421 tan51=1.234897156535051

tan52=1.2799416321930785 tan53=1.3270448216204098 tan54=1.3763819204711733

tan55=1.4281480067421144 tan56=1.4825609685127403 tan57=1.5398649638145827

tan58=1.6003345290410506 tan59=1.6642794823505173 tan60=1.7320508075688767

tan61=1.8040477552714235 tan62=1.8807264653463318 tan63=1.9626105055051503

tan64=2.050303841579296 tan65=2.1445069205095586 tan66=2.246036773904215

tan67=2.355852365823753 tan68=2.4750868534162946 tan69=2.6050890646938023

tan70=2.7474774194546216 tan71=2.904210877675822 tan72=3.0776835371752526

tan73=3.2708526184841404 tan74=3.4874144438409087 tan75=3.7320508075688776

tan76=4.0107809335358455 tan77=4.331475874284153 tan78=4.704630109478456

tan79=5.144554015970307 tan80=5.671281819617707 tan81=6.313751514675041

tan82=7.115369722384207 tan83=8.144346427974593 tan84=9.514364454222587

tan85=11.43005230276132 tan86=14.300666256711942 tan87=19.08113668772816

tan88=28.636253282915515 tan89=57.289961630759144

tan90=(無(wú)限)

初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形公式 初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形題庫(kù)及答案篇二

銳角三角函數(shù):

銳角角a的正弦(sin),余弦(cos)和正切(tan),余切(cot)以及正割(sec),余割(csc)都叫做角a的銳角三角函數(shù)。

初中學(xué)習(xí)的 銳角三角函數(shù)值的定義方法是在直角三角形中定義的,所以在初中階段求銳角的三角函數(shù)值,都是通過(guò)構(gòu)造直角三角形來(lái)完成的,即把這個(gè)角放到某個(gè)直角三角形中。所謂銳角三角函數(shù)是指:我們初中研究的都是銳角的三角函數(shù)。初中研究的銳角的三角函數(shù)為:正弦(sin),余弦(cos),正切(tan)。

銳角三角函數(shù)的增減性:當(dāng)角度在0°~90°之間變化時(shí):

(1)正弦值隨著角度的增大而增大;

(2)余弦值隨著角度的增大而減小;

(3)正切值隨著角度的增大而增大。

銳角三角函數(shù)的增減性:

1.銳角三角函數(shù)值都是正值

2.當(dāng)角度在0°~90°間變化時(shí),

正弦值隨著角度的增大(或減小)而增大(或減小) ,余弦值隨著角度的增大(或減小)而減小(或增大) ;

正切值隨著角度的增大(或減小)而增大(或減小) ,余切值隨著角度的增大(或減小)而減小(或增大);

正割值隨著角度的增大(或減小)而增大(或減小),余割值隨著角度的增大(或減小)而減小(或增大)。

3.當(dāng)角度在0°≤a≤90°間變化時(shí),0≤sina≤1, 1≥cosa≥0;當(dāng)角度在0°0。

銳角三角函數(shù)的關(guān)系式:

同角三角函數(shù)基本關(guān)系式

tanα·cotα=1

sin2α·cos2α=1

cos2α·sin2α=1

sinα/cosα=tanα=secα/cscα

cosα/sinα=cotα=cscα/secα

(sinα)2+(cosα)2=1

1+tanα=secα

1+cotα=cscα

誘導(dǎo)公式

sin(-α)=-sinα

cos(-α)=cosα

tan(-α)=-tanα

cot(-α)=-cotα

sin(π/2-α)=cosα

cos(π/2-α)=sinα

tan(π/2-α)=cotα

cot(π/2-α)=tanα

sin(π/2+α)=cosα

cos(π/2+α)=-sinα

tan(π/2+α)=-cotα

cot(π/2+α)=-tanα

sin(π-α)=sinα

cos(π-α)=-cosα

tan(π-α)=-tanα

cot(π-α)=-cotα

sin(π+α)=-sinα

cos(π+α)=-cosα

tan(π+α)=tanα

cot(π+α)=cotα

sin(3π/2-α)=-cosα

cos(3π/2-α)=-sinα

tan(3π/2-α)=cotα

cot(3π/2-α)=tanα

sin(3π/2+α)=-cosα

cos(3π/2+α)=sinα

tan(3π/2+α)=-cotα

cot(3π/2+α)=-tanα

sin(2π-α)=-sinα

cos(2π-α)=cosα

tan(2π-α)=-tanα

cot(2π-α)=-cotα

sin(2kπ+α)=sinα

cos(2kπ+α)=cosα

tan(2kπ+α)=tanα

cot(2kπ+α)=cotα(其中k∈z)

二倍角、三倍角的正弦、余弦和正切公式

sin(2α)=2sinαcosα

cos(2α)=(cosα)2-(sinα)2=2(cosα)2-1=1-2(sinα)2

tan(2α)=2tanα/(1-tanα)

sin(3α)=3sinα-4sin3α=4sinα·sin(60°+α)sin(60°-α)

cos(3α)=4cos3α-3cosα=4cosα·cos(60°+α)cos(60°-α)

tan(3α)=(3tanα-tan3α)/(1-3tan2α)=tanαtan(π/3+α)tan(π/3-α)

和差化積、積化和差公式

sinα+sinβ=2sin[(α+β)/2]·cos[(α-β)/2]

sinα-sinβ=2cos[(α+β)/2]·sin[(α-β)/2]

cosα+cosβ=2cos[(α+β)/2]·cos[(α-β)/2]

cosα-cosβ=-2sin[(α+β)/2]·sin[(α-β)/2]

sinαcosβ=-[sin(α+β)+sin(α-β)]

sinαsinβ=-[1][cos(α+β)-cos(α-β)]/2

cosαcosβ=[cos(α+β)+cos(α-β)]/2

sinαcosβ=[sin(α+β)+sin(α-β)]/2

cosαsinβ=[sin(α+β)-sin(α-β)]/2

初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形公式 初中數(shù)學(xué)三角形題庫(kù)及答案篇三

三種基本題型:

①三角函數(shù)值的計(jì)算問(wèn)題:利用平方關(guān)系時(shí),往往要開(kāi)方,因此要先根據(jù)角的所在象限確定符號(hào),即將角所在象限進(jìn)行分類(lèi)討論。

②化簡(jiǎn)題:一定要在有意義的前提下進(jìn)行。

③證明問(wèn)題。

三類(lèi):

同角三角函數(shù)的基本關(guān)系:

(sinθ)2+(cosθ)2=1;

tanθcotθ=sinθcscθ=cosθsecθ=1;

(secθ)2-(tanθ)2=(cscθ)2-(cosθ)2=1

誘導(dǎo)公式,在360°內(nèi)的變換(角度制):

取值 sinθ cosθ tanθ

α sinα cosα tanα

-α -sinα cosα -tanα

180+α -sinα -cosα tanα

180-α sinα -cosα -tanα

360+α sinα cosα tanα

360-α -sinα cosα -tanα

90+α cosα -sinα -cotα

90-α cosα sinα cotα

270+α -cosα sinα -cotα

270-α -cosα -sinα cotα

兩個(gè)角的變換關(guān)系,不屬于初中內(nèi)容:

sin(α+β)=sinαcosβ+cosαsinβ

sin(α-β)=sinαcosβ-cosαsinβ

cos(α+β)=cosαcosβ-sinαsinβ

cos(α-β)=cosαcosβ+sinαsinβ

以此四個(gè)公式為基礎(chǔ),可推導(dǎo)出其他公式。

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