最新初中的三大從句(3篇)

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最新初中的三大從句(3篇)
時間:2023-04-07 16:51:30     小編:zdfb

在日常的學(xué)習(xí)、工作、生活中,肯定對各類范文都很熟悉吧。寫范文的時候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?下面是小編為大家收集的優(yōu)秀范文,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。

初中的三大從句篇一

無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序,即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:

1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有:who,what,which等。如:

could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?

the small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?

2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

he asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。

the teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。

3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much,when,why,how,where,if/whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。如:

he hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。

could you tell me what i should do with the money?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?

4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:

do you know which class he is in?你知道他在哪個班嗎?

she asked me if i knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。

2.連接詞

1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時,用that引導(dǎo),that無詞義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:

he said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。

2)當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時,用if或whether引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。如:

i don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。

但在下列情況下只能用whether:

①在具有選擇意義,又有or或or not時,尤其是直接與or not連用時,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

let me know whether/if he will come or not.(=let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來。

i don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=i don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

i wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。

②在介詞之后用whether。如:

i'm interested in whether he likes english.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。

we're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。

i worry about whether i hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。

③在不定式前用whether。如:

he hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

i don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

he hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

④whether置于句首時,不能換用if。如:

whether this is true or not,i can't say.這是否真的我說不上來。

⑤引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如:

whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個問題。

the question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

⑥若用if會引起歧義時,則用whether。如:

please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:

let me know whether you like the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。

you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書,請告訴我。

3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如:

could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎?

3.時態(tài)

含賓語從句的復(fù)合句,主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點內(nèi)容:

1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要,選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如:

i don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時回來。

he tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。

2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要,選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如:

①the children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。

②he asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。

3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等,不管主句用什么時態(tài),從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:

the teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

4.注意:

if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句,應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,分別意為“是否”和“何時”,其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相呼應(yīng);它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時,意思分別為“如果,假如”和“當(dāng)……時候”,當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時,其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進行綜合考查。如:

—do you know when he will come back tomorrow?你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎?

—sorry,i don't he comes back,i'll tell you.對不起,不知道。當(dāng)他回來了,我將告訴你。

—i don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。

—he will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他會來的。

初中的三大從句篇二

(一) 概念

一般來說,在主從復(fù)合句中,用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它通常跟在某些名詞之后,用以說明或解釋該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息),problem, question, doubt, thought等。例如:

they were delighted at the news that their team had won.

當(dāng)聽到他們隊獲勝的消息時,他們欣喜若狂。

where did you get the idea that i could not come?你從哪兒聽說我不能來?

有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在被說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。 如:

the thought came to him that tom might have returned the book.

他突然想起湯姆可能已經(jīng)還了書了。

(二)引導(dǎo)詞

[尋規(guī)找矩] 請仔細(xì)觀察下列句子,注意從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。

1. the news that mr. li will be our new english teacher is true.

2. he hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.

3. the question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.

4. i have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.

5. we haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.

6. i have no idea how i can get to the railway station.

7. i have no idea when he will be back.

[小結(jié)歸納]

① that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時無詞義,也不充當(dāng)任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句1;

② whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句時意為“是否”,通常不能用if來代替,如句2;

③ 連接代詞who, what等可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,如句3, 4;

④ 連接副詞where, how, when等可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 如句5,6,7。

(三) that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句

① 意義不同:同位語從句用來進一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容;而定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的先行詞。試比較:

1. the news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.

2. the news that you told us is really encouraging.

[分析] 句1中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,說明“news”的內(nèi)容:我們隊取得了決賽勝利。

句2中that引導(dǎo)定語從句,對“news”加以限定:是你告訴我們的,而非來自其他渠道。

② that的功能不同:that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時是一個純連詞,不充當(dāng)任何成分;而引導(dǎo)定語從句時,不僅起連接作用,而且還指代先行詞并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等成分。試比較:

1. dad made a promise that he would buy me a cd player if i passed the english test.

2. dad made a promise that excited all his children.

[分析] 句1中 that引導(dǎo) 同位語從句,其中that無詞義,也不充當(dāng)任何成分;

句2中that引導(dǎo)定語從句,that指代promise,又在從句中充當(dāng)主語,且that可以用which替換。

③ 可否省略:that在引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,通常不可省略。在引導(dǎo)定語從句時,若在從句中作賓語,通常可以省略,若作主語則不可以省略。

初中的三大從句篇三

在英語中,主要有三大從句,即名詞性從句(包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句)、形容詞性從句(即定語從句)、副詞性從句(即狀語從句,包括時間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等)。

【定語從句】

一、定語從句概念

定語從句(attributive clause),顧名思義,就是一個句子作定語從屬于主句。定語一般是由形容詞充當(dāng),所以定語從句又稱作形容詞從句。另外,定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的,故又稱作關(guān)系從句。

定語從句一般放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,這種名詞或代詞被稱作先行詞。請看示例:

the woman who lives next door is a teacher.

先行詞 定語從句

在所有的從句中,算定語從句最難掌握,因為漢語里沒有定語從句,漢語里只有定語,而且總是放在名詞之前來修飾名詞。

二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞代替前面的先行詞,并且在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,可以作主語、賓語、定語等。常見的關(guān)系代詞有:who, that, which。它們的主格、賓格和所有格如下表所示:

先行詞 主格 賓格 所有格

人 who whom whose

物 which which whose of which

人、物 that that —

(一)關(guān)系代詞who, whom和 whose的用法

who代替人,是主格,在定語從句中作主語。例如:

an architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑師是設(shè)計房屋的人。

i will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我將永遠不會忘記在高一時教我們化學(xué)的那位老師。

anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想應(yīng)聘這個職位的任何人都必須先通過電子郵件向我們發(fā)送簡歷。

whom代替人,是賓格,在定語從句作賓語,在非正式英語??墒÷?。例如:

do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我們在學(xué)校圖書館里遇到的那位先生你認(rèn)識嗎?

this is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 這是我爸爸十年前教的學(xué)生。

the girl who i saw is called mary. 我見到的那個女孩名叫瑪麗。(在非正式英語中,主格who代替了賓格whom,亦可省略)

whose一般代替人,有時亦可代替物,是所有格,在定語從句作定語。例如:

the girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高級工程師的那個女學(xué)生過去在國外留學(xué)。

do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我們這兒能看到窗戶的那個賓館叫什么名字,你知道嗎?(關(guān)系代詞whose指代先行詞hotel,正式用法應(yīng)該用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思 是:the window of the hotel。)

(二)關(guān)系代詞which的用法

which代替物,在定語從句作主語或賓語,作賓語時還可省略。例如:

i do not like stories which have unhappy endings.

我不喜歡有不幸結(jié)局的小說。(which可以換成that)

tom works for a factory which makes watches.

湯姆在一個制表廠工作。(which可以換成that)

(三)關(guān)系代詞that的用法

that既可指人又可指物,在當(dāng)代英語中大多指物,在定語從句作主語或賓語,作賓語時還可省略。例如:

is she the girl that sells newspapers?

她是賣報紙的那個女孩嗎?(that可以換成who)

where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

放在冰箱的冰激凌哪兒去了?(that可以換成which)

is this the book that you want to buy?

這是你要買的那本書嗎? (that可以換成which,在定語從句作賓語,還可以省略)

三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

常用的關(guān)系副詞只有三個:when, where, why,在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間、地點和原因狀語。它們的用法大家不妨記住一個口訣:

the time when

the place where

the reason why

(一)關(guān)系副詞when的用法

關(guān)系副詞when代替的先行詞表示的是時間,when在定語從句作時間狀語。例如:

in beijing july and august are the months when it rains very often.

北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行詞是months)

do you remember the day when we first went to the summer palace?

你還記得我們第一次去頤和園的那一天嗎?(when先行詞是day, 當(dāng)代英語里when可以用that替代,這時關(guān)系代詞that就變成了表示時間的關(guān)系副詞)

i haven’t seen her since the year when i left tokyo.

自從我離開東京的那一年我就一直沒見到過她。(when先行詞是year,同樣when可以用that代替)

(二)關(guān)系副詞where的用法

關(guān)系副詞where代替的先行詞表示的是地點,where在定語從句作地點狀語。例如:

during the spring festival i went back to the town where i was brought up.

春節(jié)期間,我回到了生我養(yǎng)我的家鄉(xiāng)。(where的先行詞是town)

this is the place where li bai once lived.

這是李白曾經(jīng)生活過的地方。(where先行詞是place)

上面這個句子不可以將where改為that,因為that不能作為表示地點的關(guān)系副詞。試比較下句:

this is the place that li bai once visited.

這是李白曾經(jīng)游覽過的地方。(that的先行詞同樣是place,但這個that是關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作賓語,可以省略,還可以用which替換)

(三)關(guān)系副詞why的用法

關(guān)系副詞why代替的先行詞表示的是原因,why在定語從句作原因狀語。例如:

the reason why i am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.

我打電話給你的原因是想問問你是否收到了我的電子郵件。(why先行詞是reason, 當(dāng)代英語里why可以用that替代,這時關(guān)系代詞that就變成了表示原因的關(guān)系副詞,還可以將why省略)

this is the reason why he came late to school.

這就是他為什么上學(xué)遲到的原因。(why先行詞是reason,why可以用that替代,還可以省略)

注意:如果上面的句子將the reason省略,那么這個句子就變成了(this is why he came late to school. )表語從句,句子意思絲毫未變。

四、特殊關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句

as是個比較特殊的關(guān)系代詞,一是用在某些句型搭配里,二是獨立于主句之外。下面分別講解。

(一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,as引導(dǎo)定語從句

you may take as many books as you want.

你想要拿多少書就拿多少。(第一個as是副詞,修飾many的;第二個as才是關(guān)系代詞,代替先行詞books,在定語從句中作賓語)

i have got such a computer as yours.

我有一臺你這樣的電腦。(as是關(guān)系代詞,代替先行詞computer,在定語從句中作表語,因為yours后省略了is )

i have never seen so beautiful a place as guilin.

我從未見過像桂林那樣美麗的地方。(as是關(guān)系代詞,代替先行詞place,在定語從句中作表語,因為guilin后省略了is )

(二)獨立于主句之外,as引導(dǎo)定語從句

as we know,

the earth turns around the sun. 正如我們所知,地球圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。

as is known to us,

(as we know和 as is known to us均為定語從句,as分別作賓語和主語,替代后面的主句。)

taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of china.

你知道,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。(關(guān)系代詞as指代整個主句,在定語從句中作賓語。)

五、關(guān)系代詞who, which與that的區(qū)別

(一)關(guān)系代詞who與that的區(qū)別

1. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞用作主語時,多用主格who。例如:

he who loses hope loses all.

失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行詞為代詞he, they, any, all, one等時,多用who)

i met alice, who told me that she was learning chinese.

我遇見艾麗斯,她告訴我她在學(xué)漢語。(在非限制性定語從句中,用who)

2. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞用作介詞后的賓語時,用賓格whom,不用that。例如:

the man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our english teacher.

我們校長剛才與他談話的那個人是我們的英語老師。(介詞與關(guān)系代詞緊密相連時,只能用賓格whom,不可用主格who)

注意:介詞與關(guān)系代詞不是緊密相連時,或者說介詞放在句子后面時,這時可以用主格who,也可用that,還可以省略關(guān)系代詞。因此,上面的這句話還可以有如下四種說法:

(1) the man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our english teacher.

(2) the man who our headmaster talked to just now is our english teacher.

(3) the man that our headmaster talked to just now is our english teacher.

(4) the man our headmaster talked to just now is our english teacher.

第4句簡潔、自然,所以口語中用得最多。

3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞泛指人時,多用that。例如:

he is a man that is never afraid of failure.

他是個從不怕失敗的人。(that用來泛指人)

4. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在who開頭的疑問句時,應(yīng)用that。例如:

who is the girl that is talking to tom in english?

用英語同湯姆交談的那個女孩是誰?(避免重復(fù)使用who,以免造成誤解或語義含混不清)

(二)關(guān)系代詞which與that的區(qū)別

1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little以及不定代詞anything, something, everything等時,關(guān)系代詞多用that。例如:

all that glitters is not gold. 閃閃發(fā)光物,未必盡黃金。

she told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。

2. 當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或限定詞the only, the very, all, every, any, no等時,關(guān)系代詞一般都用that。例如:

this is the best novel that i have ever read. 這是我讀過的最好的一部小說。

he is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一應(yīng)邀參加舞會的人。

3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在which開頭的疑問句時,應(yīng)用that。例如:

which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一個是推薦給外賓的賓館?(這里使用that很明顯是為了避免重復(fù)which)

4. 在非限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞一般只用which。例如:

beijing, which is the capital of the people’s republic of china, will host the 2008 olympic games. 北京是中華人民共和國的首都,將主辦2008年奧運會。

5. 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which,而不用that。例如:

she has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are german stamps. 她收集了600張郵票,其中60%是德國郵票。

六、定語從句的位置

如前所述,定語從句一般總是直接置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。有時候,定語從句與先行詞之間插入了其他的短語,這樣它們被分隔了,這種情況下的定語從句被稱作隔離定語從句。例如:

there was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.

樓上有一個女孩,大喊大叫。很明顯,她瘋了。(定語從句who was shouting and crying修飾the girl,被upstairs所隔開)

a new master will come tomorrow who will teach you german.

明天要來一位新老師教你們德語了。(定語從句置于句末以示強調(diào))

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