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嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城的導(dǎo)游詞篇一
歡迎各位嘉賓蒞臨明長城西端起點(diǎn)，因“天下第一雄關(guān)”而命名，被譽(yù)為“湖光山色、戈壁明珠”的嘉峪關(guān)市檢查指導(dǎo)工作。我是 ， 是嘉峪關(guān)市旅游局工作人員，非常榮幸能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)此次工作。
首先，我向各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、嘉賓介紹嘉峪關(guān)市基本概況嘉峪關(guān)市位于甘肅省西北部，河西走廊中段，是古絲綢之路的必經(jīng)之地。它東連歷史文化名城酒泉市;西接我國最早的石油城玉門市;南望白雪皚皚的祁連山，與張掖地區(qū)肅南裕固族自治縣接壤;北通浩如煙海的巴丹吉林大沙漠，與金塔縣和內(nèi)蒙古額濟(jì)納旗相連。
嘉峪關(guān)市因1958年國家“一五”計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“酒泉鋼鐵公司”的建設(shè)而興起的一座新興的工業(yè)旅游現(xiàn)代化區(qū)域中心城市。1965年建市，1971年被國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)為省轄地級(jí)市。1982年被國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)為第一批對(duì)外開放城市，同時(shí)被確定為國家二類重點(diǎn)旅游城市。市區(qū)平均海拔1640米，全市總面積3000平方公里，城區(qū)規(guī)劃面積260平方公里，建成區(qū)面積87平方公里。下轄雄關(guān)區(qū)、鏡鐵區(qū)、長城區(qū)，常住人口30萬人，城市化率91%。嘉峪關(guān)市是一個(gè)以移民為主的城市，以祖籍東北和山東省居多，有漢、回、蒙、藏、滿、東鄉(xiāng)、裕固、朝鮮、壯、土、保安和維吾爾等12個(gè)民族。
嘉峪關(guān)市公路、 鐵路、航空運(yùn)輸四通八達(dá)，呈立體交通格局，是河西走廊的重要交通樞紐。國道312線高速公路縱貫全境。
嘉峪關(guān)火車站是新亞歐大陸橋上的一等客、貨運(yùn)站和二等編組站，每天有46趟列車通過。嘉峪關(guān)機(jī)場(chǎng)作為亞歐航路備降機(jī)4e類機(jī)場(chǎng)，目前已開通北京、天津、上海、成都、西安等地航線，即將開通廣州、烏魯木齊航線，區(qū)域交通集散中心初步形成。
嘉峪關(guān)市現(xiàn)代化氣息比較濃厚，城市功能完備，市區(qū)環(huán)境優(yōu)雅，街道寬敞整潔。商業(yè)、旅游、金融等設(shè)施功能配套， 通訊、電力、供排水、供熱、煤氣等設(shè)施一應(yīng)俱全，水資源豐富，電力、煤氣供應(yīng)充裕，衡量城市綜合實(shí)力的主要指標(biāo)均處于全省領(lǐng)先地位。目前，城市綠化面積1737公頃，綠化覆蓋率36.7%，人均公共綠地面積30.2平方米，人均水域面積16平方米，人居環(huán)境明顯改善。
嘉峪關(guān)旅游資源豐富，歷史文化底蘊(yùn)深厚，是全國唯一的長城文化與絲路文化交匯的城市。關(guān)城文物景區(qū)是世界文化遺產(chǎn)，國家首批5a級(jí)旅游景區(qū);懸壁長城號(hào)稱“西部八達(dá)嶺”，盤旋于黑山之上，氣勢(shì)雄偉，蔚為壯觀;石關(guān)峽景區(qū)是絲路文化的典型代表，張騫出使西域就從這里經(jīng)過;魏晉墓群具有地下畫廊之稱，周邊分布著20xx多座墓葬群，出土的“驛使圖”是中國郵政的標(biāo)志;“七一”冰川終年積雪，距離市區(qū)116公里，是亞洲距離城市最近的冰川;嘉峪關(guān)夏季上升氣流優(yōu)良，是世界三大滑翔基地之一，舉辦過首屆國際滑翔賽。相繼建成的4a級(jí)東湖生態(tài)旅游景區(qū)、紫軒葡萄酒莊園以及嘉峪關(guān)大劇院、多普勒氣象觀光塔、森林公園、長城博物館、城市博物館等一批人文景觀。通過完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，優(yōu)化旅游發(fā)展環(huán)境，挖掘提升文化內(nèi)涵，培育出
了一批特色精品線路與精品景點(diǎn)，初步形成了以“5a、4a級(jí)旅游景區(qū)”為龍頭、3a級(jí)景區(qū)為主體，文物古跡游、現(xiàn)代工業(yè)游、農(nóng)耕文化游、休閑生態(tài)度假游為一體的旅游格局。嘉峪關(guān)是長城文化和絲路文化的交匯點(diǎn)，世界歷史文化遺產(chǎn)地和中國十大風(fēng)景名勝之一的嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城、世界一流的國際滑翔基地、亞洲距城市最近的“七一”冰川、國家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位魏晉墓群、西部八達(dá)嶺之稱的懸壁長城、萬里長城第一墩、討賴河大峽谷、長城博物館、迎賓湖旅游園區(qū)、東湖生態(tài)園區(qū)和酒鋼水上樂園等旅游資源。是中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市。嘉峪關(guān)市是中國鐵人三項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練基地和專業(yè)賽場(chǎng)，是國際鐵人三項(xiàng)賽和全國汽車場(chǎng)地越野賽重要舉辦地，有西北一流的體育館場(chǎng)，是舉辦國際、國內(nèi)重大體育賽事的理想城市。目前，嘉峪關(guān)市已有四星級(jí)賓館3家、三星級(jí)賓館5家、二星級(jí)賓館3家、一星級(jí)1家，旅游定點(diǎn)飯店2家;有國際旅行社3家、國內(nèi)旅行社17家;旅游涉外定點(diǎn)餐館、商店、汽車公司、農(nóng)家樂共32家，形成了一定規(guī)模的綜合接待能力。20xx年，嘉峪關(guān)市共接待游客74萬人次，旅游及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)收入3.12億元。去年，全社會(huì)旅游人數(shù)165萬人次，年均增長21.8%;旅游及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)收入7.5億元，年均增長23.7%，游客集散中心的地位和作用逐步形成，帶動(dòng)了第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。
嘉峪關(guān)市已形成以冶金工業(yè)為主體，化工、電力、建材、機(jī)械、輕紡、食品為輔的工業(yè)體系。酒鋼集團(tuán)公司已形成了以鋼鐵冶金工業(yè)為主體，冶金新材料、能源化工、裝備制造、食品釀造、建材工業(yè)為主導(dǎo)的多元工業(yè)體系。酒鋼(集團(tuán))公司已形成1000萬噸鐵、鋼、材綜合生產(chǎn)能力，核心競爭力進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，位居全國企業(yè)500強(qiáng)第155位。
嘉峪關(guān)市經(jīng)濟(jì)質(zhì)量較高，人民生活水平在全省處于領(lǐng)先地位?！啊币詠?，嘉峪關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展明顯提速。截止去年度，實(shí)現(xiàn)地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值184億元，是“十五”末的2.2倍;人均生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到1.25萬美元，主要人均經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)位居甘肅省前列。農(nóng)民人均純收入達(dá)到7865元，比“十五”末凈增3115元，連續(xù)七年位居甘肅省首位。先后獲得“中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市”、 “國家衛(wèi)生城市”、“國家環(huán)境保護(hù)模范城市”、“全國園林綠化先進(jìn)城市”、“全國雙擁模范城四連冠”等殊榮。20xx年，吳邦國委員長視察我市時(shí)，欣然題詞“湖光山色、戈壁明珠”。
嘉峪關(guān)市物華天寶、人杰地靈，富有西部情調(diào)、獨(dú)具大漠神韻的旅游紀(jì)念品頗受國內(nèi)外客商和旅游者的青睞，生產(chǎn)的旅游產(chǎn)品風(fēng)雨雕、駝絨畫、夜光杯、嘉峪石硯產(chǎn)品等曾多次獲獎(jiǎng)，在國內(nèi)外旅游市場(chǎng)享有較高的知名度。尤其是取材于大漠戈壁的天然沙漠風(fēng)化奇石和野生干草、干花，經(jīng)人工精心選擇鑲制而成的大漠風(fēng)雨雕系列產(chǎn)品，其造型逼真，構(gòu)思新穎巧妙，賦予大漠風(fēng)雨奇石人性化和不可復(fù)制性，是廣大游客的饋贈(zèng)佳品，并具有較高的收藏價(jià)值。另外，嘉峪關(guān)市的風(fēng)味小吃也是一絕，各地風(fēng)味小吃盡匯于此，這里匯聚有四川、東北、江浙、陜西、新疆及省內(nèi)臨夏、蘭州等各地的維吾爾、回、朝鮮、漢等民族風(fēng)味小吃30余種，頗受市民和旅游者的喜愛。
展望“”，嘉峪關(guān)市發(fā)展的主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)，就是要大力推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造升級(jí)，加快發(fā)展以新能源及裝備制造為重點(diǎn)的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)，加快發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)，著力保障和改善民生，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧，不斷擴(kuò)大開放，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)跨越式發(fā)展，到“”末把嘉峪關(guān)建成全國重要的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)城市、新能源示范城市、旅游商貿(mào)城市、科技創(chuàng)新型城市、生態(tài)園林和文體休閑宜居城市，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)小康社會(huì)奮斗目標(biāo)。
嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城的導(dǎo)游詞篇二
各位游客，
現(xiàn)在我們的汽車正行駛在八達(dá)嶺高速公路上，馬上就要進(jìn)入即將參觀的八達(dá)嶺景區(qū)。前面的那座山就是軍都山，八達(dá)嶺長城就盤踞在這座山上。在春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，我國古代人民就已經(jīng)開始修建長城了，那個(gè)時(shí)候諸侯爭霸，為了保護(hù)自己的領(lǐng)地不被侵犯，所以在各自的邊界上紛紛修筑了長城，叫做互防長城。
而我國曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)修筑長城的高峰，分別是秦長城，漢長城，明長城。秦始皇在公元前220xx年統(tǒng)一中原，建立了秦王朝，為了加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)治，防御北方游牧民族的入侵，所以派大將蒙恬30萬軍隊(duì)和很多勞力將原來北方的燕、趙、秦長城連了起來，并加以擴(kuò)充，歷時(shí)9年修筑了一條西起臨洮東到遼東綿延萬里的長城，這也就是中國歷史上第一道萬里長城。到了漢朝，漢武帝也是為了加強(qiáng)防御，“不叫胡馬度陰山”，修筑了一條近兩萬里的長城，同時(shí)這也保護(hù)了新開發(fā)的絲綢之路，漢長城是秦長城的一道前沿陣地和防線，它西起新疆，東到遼東，是中國歷史上修筑長城最長的朝代。而明長城則是中國歷史上修筑長城的最高峰，工程之大，技術(shù)之精是獨(dú)一無二的。當(dāng)年朱元璋在統(tǒng)一全國建立明王朝的過程中，采納了“高筑墻，廣積糧，緩稱王”的建議。當(dāng)時(shí)元朝雖然已經(jīng)滅亡，但是還保持著比較完整的軍事實(shí)力，加上逐漸崛起的女真族的不斷侵?jǐn)_，所以開始修筑長城。明朝大規(guī)模修筑長城達(dá)到了18次之多，到了明朝末年才基本完工，東起遼寧丹東鴨綠江邊的虎山，西到甘肅嘉峪關(guān)的明長城全長6350公里。明長城具備三個(gè)特點(diǎn)，筑構(gòu)完備，管理完善，布局嚴(yán)密。而我們今天所看到的八達(dá)嶺長城就是明長城的一部分。而長城在我國古代最原始的目的雖然是防御，但是它同時(shí)還起到了其他的作用。第一就是軍事作用，第二則是經(jīng)濟(jì)作用，它不僅促進(jìn)了屯田的開發(fā)和北疆經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，而且也是中原的百姓安居樂業(yè)，第三是促進(jìn)了各民族的融合。此外，它還保護(hù)了通訊和促進(jìn)了對(duì)外開放。值得一提的是，在我國古代，不僅僅只有這三次修筑長城的經(jīng)歷，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在上下兩千年里，先后有20多個(gè)諸侯國和封建王朝都修建過長城，有人做過粗略的計(jì)算，如果將長城改建成一道高5米，厚1米的大墻，繞地球10圈兒多都有富裕。著名的民間傳說烽火戲諸侯和孟姜女哭長城也是發(fā)生在萬里長城上的。如今，長城在經(jīng)過幾次修整之后，基本恢復(fù)了以往的面貌，在1987年被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》，而且它還是當(dāng)今世界上畛さ姆烙?猿喬劍”椴劑宋夜?6個(gè)地區(qū)，全長達(dá)到了10。8萬里。
剛才我們所經(jīng)過的路，就位于關(guān)溝中。關(guān)溝是燕山山脈和軍都山山脈的交會(huì)處，南起昌平區(qū)南口鎮(zhèn)，西北到延慶縣八達(dá)嶺長城的城關(guān)，全長40里。是中原地區(qū)通往西北高原的咽喉要道。明代在這里布置了四道防線，分別是南口關(guān)，居庸關(guān)，上關(guān)，八達(dá)嶺。在關(guān)溝中的疊翠山上，曾有金代著名的燕京八景之一居庸疊翠，可惜現(xiàn)在景觀已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了。 剛才我們所看到的那條鐵路就是由我們中國人自己設(shè)計(jì)建造的第一條鐵路，由詹天佑設(shè)計(jì)的京張鐵路。因?yàn)榘诉_(dá)嶺地區(qū)地勢(shì)復(fù)雜，技術(shù)難點(diǎn)很多，所以詹天佑所設(shè)計(jì)的人字型鐵路，成功解決了車不能直接爬坡和轉(zhuǎn)彎的難題，而打通長達(dá)1091米的隧道也令中外人士嘆服?，F(xiàn)在在青龍橋火車站樹立的銅像就是詹天佑的，還有紀(jì)念碑。關(guān)溝因?yàn)榫佑龟P(guān)而著名，我們可以看到前面宏偉的建筑就是居庸關(guān)，它的名字起源于秦朝，以秦始皇遷徙“庸徒”在這里居住所以得名。在關(guān)內(nèi)，有一個(gè)著名的漢白玉石臺(tái)，就是云臺(tái)。它是元代的一坐過街塔，上邊原來有三座藏式佛塔，在后來的地震中毀壞了。明代又在原處]建立了泰安寺，而在康熙年間又被毀了，只留下現(xiàn)在我們所看到的柱礎(chǔ)和望柱。云臺(tái)的面積有310平方米臺(tái)下的券門上刻有獅、象、四不象、金翅鳥等浮雕，分別代表了佛教密宗五方五佛的座騎，還有天龍八部護(hù)法天神的浮雕。內(nèi)壁上還有四大天王浮雕和神獸圖案，券頂上還布滿了曼陀羅的圖樣，花中刻有佛像，共2215尊。還有六種文字鐫刻的《陀羅尼經(jīng)咒》和《造塔功德記》，這些都是元代的藝術(shù)精品，具有很高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。
八達(dá)嶺長城是明長城中的杰出代表，因?yàn)檫@里四通八達(dá)，故成為八達(dá)嶺?？赡艽蠹視?huì)問，為什么要講長城修筑在這里?其實(shí)這主要是因?yàn)榘诉_(dá)嶺地區(qū)重要的地理位置。它不僅守衛(wèi)著明皇陵，而且也是京師的西北大門。
八達(dá)嶺長城是歷史上許多重大事件的見證，例如蕭太后巡幸，元太祖入關(guān)，慈禧太后西逃等等，八達(dá)嶺都是畢竟之路。說到這里，還有一個(gè)故事要講給大家位于關(guān)城東門路旁，有一塊巨石，傳說在1920xx年八國聯(lián)軍攻入北京，慈禧在西逃的途中經(jīng)過這里，曾經(jīng)站在這塊石頭上回望京城，所以這塊石頭也就被叫做望京石。但現(xiàn)在這塊石頭已經(jīng)不那么突出了。 有一句話大家一定都知道不到長城非好漢。剛才介紹了那么多景觀，您一定急切的想來到景區(qū)游覽一番，不用著急，馬上您也要成為好漢了。好，這里就是著名的八達(dá)嶺長城遠(yuǎn)處是壯麗的景色，而往下看就是長城重要的組成部分翁城，他一般都修建在地形險(xiǎn)要的交通要道上。翁城兩門之間相距63.9米，西門匾額北門鎖鑰，我在前面已經(jīng)講過了。東門的匾額為居庸外鎮(zhèn)，意思是居庸關(guān)外又一重鎮(zhèn)?，F(xiàn)在我們向右下放看，在登城口的南側(cè)陳列著一門大炮，名為神威大將軍。是崇禎年間制造的。
八達(dá)嶺長城有三臺(tái)兩墻組成，什么是三臺(tái)兩墻呢?現(xiàn)在就讓我給大家來解釋一下，三臺(tái)分別是城臺(tái)，敵臺(tái)，其中城臺(tái)構(gòu)造的非常簡單，只是駐守的官兵避風(fēng)寒的地方。那敵臺(tái)的構(gòu)造相對(duì)就要復(fù)雜一些，分為兩層，下層是由田，井，回，等字形組成，上層有垛口和望孔是觀察軍情和射箭用的，所以這里也具有防御敵人的功能。
下面就到了烽火臺(tái)，又叫烽燧，狼煙臺(tái)。是不和長城相連的獨(dú)立建筑。一旦敵人來犯，就點(diǎn)燃烽火通報(bào)軍情，古人獎(jiǎng)白天點(diǎn)燃的煙叫做烽，晚上的叫做燧。明朝的時(shí)候，還對(duì)烽火與敵人的關(guān)系作了嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定敵人百余個(gè)，燃一煙點(diǎn)一炮;五白人，燃兩煙點(diǎn)兩炮;千人以上，三煙三炮;五千人以上，四煙四炮;萬人以上，五煙五炮。就通過這種方式，在邊關(guān)的軍情能夠飛速的傳遞到皇城大內(nèi)。
說完了三臺(tái)，下面就來說一下兩墻。長城外側(cè)的高墻叫做牒墻，有垛口是用來防御敵人的。而內(nèi)側(cè)不足一米高的則叫作女兒墻，也叫做宇墻。在最開始長城內(nèi)側(cè)是沒有女兒墻的，可是經(jīng)常有人會(huì)跌下山崖，所以就修建了這道墻。在長城墻根的地方每隔不遠(yuǎn)就有一個(gè)小水溝，雨天的時(shí)候由吐水嘴向外排水，以免水沖刷城墻。而長城的墻體里面使用石頭塊鑄成的，外邊砌上磚，再在上面鋪上石板，從而使建筑非常牢固!
嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城的導(dǎo)游詞篇三
jiayuguan city is 6 kilometers southwest of jiayuguan city. it is locatedin the middle of the narrowest valley of jiayuguan. the highest terrain is jiayumountain. the city walls on both sides of the city pass cross the desert gobi, 8kilometers to the north and 7 kilometers to the south, connecting with the firstpier in the world. it is dominated by the western end of the great wall in theming dynasty, and has been the first pass in hexi since ancient times.
guancheng was built in the fifth year of hongwu (1372) of ming dynasty. ittook 168 years (1372-1539) from the beginning to the completion of a completepass. it is the most dangerous one among more than 1000 passes under thejurisdiction of nine towns along the great wall of ming dynasty, and it is stillwell preserved.
in march 1961, it was listed as the first batch of key cultural relicsprotection units in china by the state council. because of the precipitousterrain and majestic architecture, it is known as "the world's majestic pass"and "even the border lock yin".
jiayuguan is composed of inner city, outer city and moat. it is closelyfortified and connected with the great wall, forming a military defense systemof five li, one flint, ten li, one pier, thirty li, one fort and one city.
at present, guancheng is dominated by the inner city, with a perimeter of640 meters, an area of 25000 square meters, and a height of 10.7 meters. it isrammed with loess, and its west side is covered with brick walls, which ismajestic and solid.
there are two gates in the inner city, the east gate is "guanghua gate",which means ziqi rises to the east and guanghua shines; the west gate is"rouyuan gate", which means to keep the western border stable.
there is a three story hilltop building on the platform. the east and westgates are surrounded by an urn, and the west gate is surrounded by a luocheng,which is connected with the north and south walls of the outer city. there is a"jiayuguan" gate leading to the outside of the gate, and a jiayuguan building isbuilt on it.
there are also 14 archery towers, enemy towers, turrets, attics and gatetowers on the inner wall of jiayuguan. there are guerrilla general's mansion,jingting and wenchang pavilion in the inner wall of jiayuguan. outside the eastgate, there are related temples, archways and theatres.
the whole building is exquisitely arranged and vigorous, echoing theshanhai pass, which is "the first pass in the world" thousands of milesaway.
嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城的導(dǎo)游詞篇四
hello, everyone. i'm the announcer of jiayuguan city. it's majestic andmagnificent. here, historical dramas of national wars have been staged, andmoving stories of people of all nationalities living in harmony and workingtogether have been spread. the majestic and majestic pass shines in china. theancient jiayuguan pass is just like an old man in history. over the past 600years, the joys and sorrows of separation and the great changes of vicissitudesare reflected on its ancient green bricks and carved in its heavy earthwalls.
jiayuguan was first built in the fifth year of hongwu in ming dynasty (1372a.d.) and got its name because it was built on the jiayu mountain at the westfoot of jiayuguan. it was built nine years earlier than shanhaiguan, the firstpass in the world. the terrain here is very dangerous. in the south is the snowcapped qilian mountain, and in the north is the rolling heishan n the two mountains, there is only 30 li. it is the narrowest place in thewest of hexi corridor, known as "the first pass in hexi". the big grass beach inguanxi, with yellow grass and flat sand, is an ancient battlefield. in guandong,jiuquan, an important town of the silk road, is close to the south slope ofguandong. there is the famous valley spring water. the "nine eye spring" isclear in winter and summer. it can be used for drinking and irrigating goodfarmland all year round. these superior natural conditions and strategicgeographical location are the main reasons for the establishment of the passhere. as early as the han dynasty, a jade barrier was set up at shiguan gorge,seven li north of guancheng. it was built on the mountain to defend againstdanger. according to historical records, before the ming dynasty, there hadalways been "no city".
after the establishment of the ming dynasty, in order to strengthen themilitary defense of hexi, feng sheng, the general of the conquering army, tookover hexi and built a pass here to control the traffic route to the ing to historical records, jiayuguan "at the beginning there was water andthen there was a pass. it was about building buildings later, building buildingslater, and building the great wall later. the great wall was built and then thepass could be guarded.". it took more than 160 years for jiayuguan to become asolid defense project. in the fifth year of hongwu (1372 a.d.) of ming dynasty,the earthen city was first built with a circumference of 220 zhang and a heightof about 2 zhang, which is now the rammed part of the inner city. at that time,it was only about no buildings.
in the eighth year of hongye reign of ming dynasty (a.d. 148), liduancheng, a soldier of suzhou, presided over the construction of jiayuguantower at the main gate of jiayuguan in xiluocheng. that is to say, jiayuguantower was built more than 100 years after the completion of the city. accordingto historical records, "li duancheng built the tower with a magnificent view".another 11 years later, that is, the first year of zhengde reign of ming dynasty(a.d from august 1506 to february of the next year, li duancheng built guanghuabuilding and rouyuan building in the inner city according to the style andspecifications of guan built in the previous year. at the same time, he alsobuilt auxiliary buildings such as official hall and warehouse. in 1539, zhailuan, the minister of state, inspected the defense of hexi. he thought that itwas necessary to strengthen the defense of hexi, so he built a lot of buildingsto strengthen guancheng, built enemy towers and turrets on guancheng, and builttwo wings of the great wall and beacon towers on guannan and guanbei.
at this point, a large-scale and magnificent ancient gate stands on thegobi rock. like a group of mighty soldiers, it stands between the two mountains,stretching out its arms, firmly guarding the throat of the silk road. in 1873,zuo zongtang, the then governor of zhili, shaanxi province, was recovering yilifrom passing through jiayuguan at a speed of one hour. facing the magnificentand powerful city of guancheng, he wrote a huge plaque of "the most powerfulpass in the world" and hung it on the floor of jiayuguan, adding a bit ofmajesty and grandeur to the pass. lin zexu, a patriotic general demoted to yilifor banning smoking in the late qing dynasty, wrote a famous poem "ode tojiayuguan" when he passed by jiayuguan on october 11, 1842
close the gate strictly, and march ten thousand miles to horseshoe.
feige made even qin tree straight, zongyuan oblique pressure longyunlow.
tianshan mountain is steep and stands on one's shoulders, and the vast seaattracts people.
who blocked the letter for ever? you can see only 19 mud.
comrade mao zedong, who loved ancient poetry and calligraphy all his life,once wrote this famous poem by hand.
the layout of xiongguan city is very reasonable, and its architecture isalso very proper, which is suitable for the needs of war defense. there arethree city corridors and multiple lines of defense in the city. there are citiesinside the city and moats outside the city, which form a situation of keepingthe city together. if the enemy invades, it can ensure that there is no one.
since jiayuguan was built more than 600 years ago, due to wind and rainerosion, large-scale repair has been carried out. especially in 1986, jiayuguanmunicipal party committee and municipal government responded to comrade dengxiaoping's great call of "love china and build the great wall", and advocatedpeople from all walks of life to donate money to raise funds to restoreguancheng. at that time, according to the instructions of yang lie and othercomrades of the state administration of cultural relics, jiayuguan "repaired theold as the old and restored the original appearance". after many efforts,jiayuguan tower finally stood on the magnificent city of guancheng. standing onthe tower of jiayuguan, looking out of the pass, there were many feelings aboutthe vicissitudes of the ancient silk road due to the erosion of time. lookingback, there was such a couplet recording the vicissitudes of guan lou'shistory:
during the ming and qing dynasties and the period of the republic of china,the ruins were destroyed in the stormy years
love china's slender city construction to restore its original appearancein the era of shengping and see the spring of china again.
what's more, luo zhewen, an expert in the great wall studies, also wrote alot of poems
jiayu mountain from the coal city, wall high stand gas xiaosen
who is the master of the world today.
嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城的導(dǎo)游詞篇五
dear tourists, now our car is driving on the badaling expressway, and weare about to enter the badaling scenic area.
the mountain in front is jundu mountain, on which the badaling great wallsits. in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, the ancientpeople of our country began to build the great wall. at that time, the vassalsfought for hegemony. in order to protect their territory from invasion, theybuilt the great wall one after another on their respective borders, which iscalled the mutual defense great wall.
in china, there were three peaks of building the great wall, namely, theqin great wall, the han great wall and the ming great wall. in 221 bc, the firstemperor of qin unified the central plains and established the qin dynasty. inorder to strengthen the rule and defend against the invasion of northern nomads,he sent general meng tian 300000 and a lot of labor to connect and expand thegreat wall of yan, zhao and qin in the north. it took nine years to build agreat wall stretching from lintao in the west to liaodong in the east, which isthe first great wall in chinese history the great wall.
in the han dynasty, emperor wu of the han dynasty built a great wall ofnearly 20000 li in order to strengthen the defense, "not called hu ma du yinmountain", which also protected the newly developed silk road. the great wall ofthe han dynasty was a forward position and defense line of the great wall of theqin dynasty. it started in the west and reached liaodong in the east, which wasthe longest dynasty in the history of china.
the great wall of ming dynasty is the highest peak of the great wallconstruction in the history of china. the great engineering and the finetechnology are unique. in the process of unifying the whole country andestablishing the ming dynasty, zhu yuanzhang adopted the suggestion of "buildingwalls high, accumulating grain widely and being king slowly". at that time,although the yuan dynasty had perished, it still maintained a relativelycomplete military strength, coupled with the continuous invasion of the risingnuzhen people, so it began to build the great wall.
in the ming dynasty, the great wall was built 18 times on a large scale. itwas not completed until the end of the ming dynasty. the ming great wall, with atotal length of 6350 km, starts from hushan on the side of yalu river indandong, liaoning province in the east and ends at jiayuguan, gansu province inthe west. the great wall of ming dynasty has three characteristics: completeconstruction, perfect management and strict layout. the badaling great wall wesee today is a part of the ming great wall. although the original purpose of thegreat wall in ancient china was defense, it also played other roles.
the first is the military role. the second is the economic role. it notonly promotes the development of farming and the economic development ofnorthern xinjiang, but also promotes the people of the central plains to liveand work in peace and contentment. the third is to promote the integration ofall ethnic groups. in addition, it protects communications and promotes openingup.
it is worth mentioning that in ancient china, there were not only threeexperiences of building the great wall. according to statistics, more than 20vassal states and feudal dynasties had built the great wall in the past twothousand years. some people have made rough calculations. if the great wall isrebuilt into a big wall with a height of 5 meters and a thickness of 1 meter,there will be more than 10 circles around the earth. famous folklore: the greatwall was also built on the great wall.
today, after several renovations, the great wall has basically restored itsformer appearance. in 1987, it was listed in the world cultural heritage list byunesco. moreover, it is also one of the six regions in the world, with a totallength of 10 kilometers. 80000 li.
the road we passed just now is in the ditch. guangou is the intersection ofyanshan mountains and jundushan mountains. it starts from nankou town ofchangping district in the south and ends at chengguan of badaling great wall inyanqing county in the northwest, with a total length of 40 li. it is the throatof the central plains to the northwest plateau. in the ming dynasty, there werefour lines of defense, namely nankou pass, juyong pass, shangguan pass andbadaling pass. on diecui mountain in guangou, there was one of the eight famousyanjing sceneries in jin dynasty: juyong diecui, but now the sceneries no longerexist.
the railway we saw just now is the first one designed and built by chinesepeople, the beijing zhangjiakou railway designed by zhan tianyou. because theterrain of badaling area is complex and there are many technical difficulties,the herringbone railway designed by zhan tianyou has successfully solved theproblem that the car can't climb and turn directly, and the 1091 meter longtunnel has also made people at home and abroad admire.
now the bronze statue set up in qinglongqiao railway station is zhantianyou's, as well as the monument. guangou is famous for juyong pass. we cansee that the magnificent building in front of it is juyong pass. its nameoriginated from the qin dynasty. it got its name because the first emperor ofqin migrated "yongtu" to live here. in guannei, there is a famous white marbleplatform, which is yuntai. it was a street crossing pagoda in yuan were three tibetan pagodas on it, which were destroyed in theearthquake.
in the ming dynasty, the tai'an temple was built in the original place, butit was destroyed in the kangxi period, leaving only the plinth and pillar thatwe see now. the cloud platform covers an area of 310 square meters. on theticket door under the platform are relief sculptures of lions, elephants, fourelephants and golden winged birds, representing the mounts of five buddhas andfive buddhas of tantric buddhism, as well as the relief sculptures of the eightdharma protectors of tianlong. on the inner wall, there are relief carvings offour heavenly kings and the design of spanine beasts. on the top of the ticket,there are mandala designs. among the flowers, there are 2215 buddha statues.
there are also six kinds of inscriptions of the dharma sutra and the storyof the merits and virtues of building pagodas, which are fine works of art ofthe yuan dynasty and have high artistic value.
badaling great wall is an outstanding representative of the great wall ofming dynasty. because it extends in all directions, it becomes badaling. you mayask why the great wall was built here? in fact, this is mainly because of theimportant geographical location of badaling area. it not only guards the mingmausoleum, but also the northwest gate of the capital.
badaling great wall is the witness of many important events in history,such as empress dowager xiao's tour, the entrance of emperor taizu of the yuandynasty, empress dowager cixi's flight to the west, etc.
here's another story to tell: there is a huge stone beside the east gate ofguancheng. it's said that in 1900, the eight power allied forces invadedbeijing. cixi passed here on her way to escape to the west. she once stood onthis stone and looked back at the capital, so this stone is also called wangjingstone. but now the stone is less prominent.
there is a saying that we all know: not to the great wall is not a introduced so many landscapes, you must be eager to come to the scenic spotfor sightseeing, don't worry, you will become a hero soon. well, here is thefamous badaling great wall. in the distance, there is a magnificent g down, it is wengcheng, an important part of the great wall. it isusually built on the roads with dangerous terrain.
the distance between the two gates of wengcheng is 63.9 meters. the plaqueon the west gate is the key to the north gate. i have already said that. theplaque of the east gate is: juyong town, which means another important townoutside juyong pass. now let's look down to the right. on the south side ofdengchengkou, there is a cannon named shenwei general. it was made in chongzhenperiod.
badaling great wall is composed of three platforms and two walls. what isthree platforms and two walls? now let me explain to you that the threeplatforms are city platform and enemy platform. the structure of city platformis very simple, just a place for garrison officers and soldiers to stay awayfrom the wind and cold.
the structure of the enemy platform is relatively complicated. it isspanided into two layers. the lower layer is composed of fields, wells, loops andother shapes. the upper layer has crenels and observation holes for observingmilitary information and archery. therefore, it also has the function ofdefending the enemy.
next came the beacon tower, also known as beacon, wolf yantai. it is anindependent building not connected with the great wall. once the enemy invades,it will light a beacon to inform the military. the ancients said that the smokelit in the daytime is called beacon, and the smoke lit in the evening is calledflint.
in the ming dynasty, the relationship between the beacon fire and the enemywas strictly regulated: more than 100 enemies, one smoke and one gun; five whitepeople, two smoke and two guns; more than 1000 people, three smoke and threeguns; more than 5000 people, four smoke and four guns; more than 10000 people,five smoke and five guns. in this way, the military information at the bordercan be quickly transmitted to the imperial city.
having said that, let's talk about the two walls. the high wall on theoutside of the great wall is called diqiang, which has crenels to defend theenemy. the inner side less than one meter high is called the parapet, also knownas the yu wall.
in the beginning, there was no parapet inside the great wall, but peopleoften fell off the cliff, so this wall was built. at the base of the wall of thegreat wall, there is a small ditch not far away. on rainy days, the water isdrained from the spout to prevent water from scouring the wall.
and the wall of the great wall is made of stone blocks inside, with brickson the outside and stone slabs on the top, which makes the building veryfirm!
嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城的導(dǎo)游詞篇六
嘉峪關(guān)市位于甘肅省西北部，河西走廊中部，東臨河西重鎮(zhèn)酒泉市，距省會(huì)蘭州776公里;西連石油城玉門市， 至新疆哈密650公里;南倚終年積雪的祁連山與肅南裕固族自治縣接壤，與青海相距300余公里;北枕色如鑄銅的黑山，與 酒泉金塔縣、酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射基地和內(nèi)蒙額濟(jì)納旗相連接，中部為酒泉綠洲西緣。中心位置為東經(jīng)98°17'，北緯39°47'。 全市海拔在1412-2722米之間，綠洲分布于海拔1450-1700米之間，城市中心海拔1462米。 境內(nèi)地勢(shì)平坦，土地類型多樣。城市的中西部多為戈壁，是市區(qū)和工業(yè)企業(yè)所在地;東南、東北為綠洲，是農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)， 綠洲隨地貌被戈壁分割為點(diǎn)、塊、條、帶狀，占總土地面積的1.9%。
嘉峪關(guān)市，是以明代萬里長城西端起點(diǎn)——嘉峪關(guān)命名的城市，南有綿亙千里的祁連山雪峰，北有龍首山和馬鬃山，由于其地理位置的特殊性，因此，秦漢以來的歷代王朝都在這里派兵駐防。 “天下第一雄關(guān)”嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城，樓閣高聳，巍峨壯觀，與遠(yuǎn)隔萬里的“天下第一關(guān)”山海關(guān)遙相呼應(yīng)，名動(dòng)天下。 嘉峪關(guān)是古絲綢之路上的重要一站，留下了許多古跡和珍貴的文物：古拙粗獷的黑山石刻畫像、反映魏晉時(shí)勞動(dòng)人民的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的新城魏晉壁畫磚畫墓、以及我國第一座全面、系統(tǒng)展示長城文化的專題性博物館——長城博物館等。
古老的絲路文化、皚皚冰川和茫茫戈壁共同構(gòu)成了當(dāng)?shù)刎S富多彩的旅游資源。嘉峪關(guān)城建于明洪武五年(公元1372年)，距今已有600多年。嘉峪關(guān)的修建，花費(fèi)了大量人力物力，于是演繹出了定城磚、冰道運(yùn)石、山羊馱磚、擊石燕鳴等動(dòng)人故事。
嘉峪關(guān)是古“絲綢之路”的交通要沖，又是明代萬里長城的西端起點(diǎn)。在這里，兩千多年前開辟的中國與西方經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流的的“絲綢古道”及歷代兵家征戰(zhàn)的“古戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”烽燧依稀可見。這里是中國絲路文化和長城文化的交匯點(diǎn)，素有“河西重鎮(zhèn)”、邊陲鎖鑰“之稱。
嘉峪關(guān)是以舉世聞名的“天下第一雄關(guān)”—嘉峪關(guān)命名的工業(yè)旅游城市。又因他是西北最大的鋼鐵聯(lián)合企業(yè)——酒泉鋼鐵(集團(tuán))公司所在地，故又被稱為“戈壁鋼城”，并因此而享譽(yù)中外。經(jīng)過四十多年的建設(shè)，特別是改革開放以來，嘉峪關(guān)市的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)取得了長足發(fā)展，現(xiàn)已基本形成了以冶金工業(yè)為主導(dǎo)、商貿(mào)旅游業(yè)為支柱、城郊型農(nóng)業(yè)為特色的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展格局。
雄關(guān)之光雕塑總高39米，系不銹鋼材料制作而成，寓意嘉峪關(guān)市將依托酒鋼公司，在改革開放的新形式下，繁榮昌盛，快速發(fā)展，并立足河西走廊，展現(xiàn)雄關(guān)之美，成為西部的城市明珠。雕塑下部寶石部分象征嘉峪關(guān)市豐富的自然資源及城市發(fā)展的動(dòng)力之所在;立柱部分為雄關(guān)之門，在陽光及雪山的映襯下，光彩斑斕，預(yù)示著城市的未來充滿光明;雕塑底座以“十”字型長城支撐，在中間城垛東西輔以魏晉墓“農(nóng)耕圖”和“出巡圖”浮雕，象征河西走廊文明古道上新型工業(yè)旅游城市的燦爛明天，更象征著在新的歷史時(shí)期，雄關(guān)兒女共同努力，共創(chuàng)雄關(guān)鋼城的輝煌。
嘉峪關(guān)地處古“絲綢之路”的交通要沖，又是明代萬里長城的西端起點(diǎn)。在這里絲 路文化和長城文化融為一體、交相輝映，素有“河西重鎮(zhèn)”、“邊陲鎖鑰”之稱，旅游資源非常豐富。
這里有雄偉壯觀的漢代和明代萬里長城、嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城、長城第一墩、懸壁長城心臟，以及展現(xiàn)古代游牧民族社會(huì)生活的黑山巖畫 ，國家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位魏晉墓地下畫廊等人文古跡; 有亞洲距城市最近的七一冰川及祁連積雪、瀚海蜃樓等獨(dú)具特色的西部風(fēng)光，有博大精深的中國第一座“長城博物館”和被譽(yù)為世界三大滑翔基地之一的嘉峪關(guān)國際滑翔基地及國家aaaa級(jí)關(guān)城文化旅游景區(qū);有西北民俗風(fēng)情旅游和討賴河大峽谷探險(xiǎn)、沙漠探險(xiǎn)、花海魔鬼城探險(xiǎn)等具有西部情調(diào)的探險(xiǎn)旅游勝地;有乾圓山莊、新城草湖等休閑度假的好去處;此外還有石關(guān)峽、黑山湖等多處正在開發(fā)的旅游資源，形成了以嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城為龍頭的四大資源(空中氣流資源、山地冰川資源、陸地資源和地下資源)、八大景點(diǎn)(嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城、嘉峪關(guān)國際滑翔基地、 長城第一墩、懸壁長城、黑山淺石刻巖畫、長城博物館、魏晉墓地下畫廊、七一冰川)，為旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展奠定了資源基礎(chǔ)。
本地生產(chǎn)的旅游產(chǎn)品主要有：夜光杯、風(fēng)雨雕、駝絨畫、祁連玉雕、嘉峪石硯、文物復(fù)制品及反映魏晉時(shí)代人文景觀的墓磚畫等。
新世紀(jì)來臨之際，嘉峪關(guān)市委市政府向全市人民發(fā)出了號(hào)召，要牢固樹立發(fā)展才是硬道理的思想，樹立大產(chǎn)業(yè)、大旅游、大市場(chǎng)的意識(shí)，把握西部大開發(fā)的歷史機(jī)遇，充分利用各種有利條件和因素，努力實(shí)施“加強(qiáng)旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和景區(qū)開發(fā)、培養(yǎng)旅游精品路線和精品景點(diǎn)、實(shí)行全民旅游全民辦”的旅游發(fā)展三大戰(zhàn)略，力爭把嘉峪關(guān)市發(fā)展成為國際旅游明星城市。
嘉峪關(guān)關(guān)城的導(dǎo)游詞篇七
各位游客，現(xiàn)在我們的汽車正行駛在八達(dá)嶺高速公路上，馬上就要進(jìn)入即將參觀的八達(dá)嶺景區(qū)。前面的那座山就是軍都山，八達(dá)嶺長城就盤踞在這座山上。在春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，我國古代人民就已經(jīng)開始修建長城了，那個(gè)時(shí)候諸侯爭霸，為了保護(hù)自己的領(lǐng)地不被侵犯，所以在各自的邊界上紛紛修筑了長城，叫做互防長城。
而我國曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)修筑長城的高峰，分別是秦長城，漢長城，明長城。秦始皇在公元前220xx年統(tǒng)一中原，建立了秦王朝，為了加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)治，防御北方游牧民族的入侵，所以派大將蒙恬30萬軍隊(duì)和很多勞力將原來北方的燕、趙、秦長城連了起來，并加以擴(kuò)充，歷時(shí)9年修筑了一條西起臨洮東到遼東綿延萬里的長城，這也就是中國歷史上第一道萬里長城。到了漢朝，漢武帝也是為了加強(qiáng)防御，“不叫胡馬度陰山”，修筑了一條近兩萬里的長城，同時(shí)這也保護(hù)了新開發(fā)的絲綢之路，漢長城是秦長城的一道前沿陣地和防線，它西起新疆，東到遼東，是中國歷史上修筑長城最長的朝代。
而明長城則是中國歷史上修筑長城的最高峰，工程之大，技術(shù)之精是獨(dú)一無二的。當(dāng)年朱元璋在統(tǒng)一全國建立明王朝的過程中，采納了“高筑墻，廣積糧，緩稱王”的建議。當(dāng)時(shí)元朝雖然已經(jīng)滅亡，但是還保持著比較完整的軍事實(shí)力，加上逐漸崛起的女真族的不斷侵?jǐn)_，所以開始修筑長城。明朝大規(guī)模修筑長城達(dá)到了18次之多，到了明朝末年才基本完工，東起遼寧丹東鴨綠江邊的虎山，西到甘肅嘉峪關(guān)的明長城全長6350公里。明長城具備三個(gè)特點(diǎn)，筑構(gòu)完備，管理完善，布局嚴(yán)密。而我們今天所看到的八達(dá)嶺長城就是明長城的一部分。而長城在我國古代最原始的目的雖然是防御，但是它同時(shí)還起到了其他的作用。
第一就是軍事作用，第二則是經(jīng)濟(jì)作用，它不僅促進(jìn)了屯田的開發(fā)和北疆經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，而且也是中原的百姓安居樂業(yè)，第三是促進(jìn)了各民族的融合。此外，它還保護(hù)了通訊和促進(jìn)了對(duì)外開放。值得一提的是，在我國古代，不僅僅只有這三次修筑長城的經(jīng)歷，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在上下兩千年里，先后有20多個(gè)諸侯國和封建王朝都修建過長城，有人做過粗略的計(jì)算，如果將長城改建成一道高5米，厚1米的大墻，繞地球10圈兒多都有富裕。著名的民間傳說：烽火戲諸侯和孟姜女哭長城也是發(fā)生在萬里長城上的。如今，長城在經(jīng)過幾次修整之后，基本恢復(fù)了以往的面貌，在1987年被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》，而且它還是當(dāng)今世界上畛さ姆烙?猿喬劍”椴劑宋夜?6個(gè)地區(qū)，全長達(dá)到了10。8萬里。
剛才我們所經(jīng)過的路，就位于關(guān)溝中。關(guān)溝是燕山山脈和軍都山山脈的交會(huì)處，南起昌平區(qū)南口鎮(zhèn)，西北到延慶縣八達(dá)嶺長城的城關(guān)，全長40里。是中原地區(qū)通往西北高原的咽喉要道。明代在這里布置了四道防線，分別是南口關(guān)，居庸關(guān)，上關(guān)，八達(dá)嶺。在關(guān)溝中的疊翠山上，曾有金代著名的燕京八景之一：居庸疊翠，可惜現(xiàn)在景觀已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了。
剛才我們所看到的那條鐵路就是由我們中國人自己設(shè)計(jì)建造的第一條鐵路，由詹天佑設(shè)計(jì)的京張鐵路。因?yàn)榘诉_(dá)嶺地區(qū)地勢(shì)復(fù)雜，技術(shù)難點(diǎn)很多，所以詹天佑所設(shè)計(jì)的人字型鐵路，成功解決了車不能直接爬坡和轉(zhuǎn)彎的難題，而打通長達(dá)1091米的隧道也令中外人士嘆服?，F(xiàn)在在青龍橋火車站樹立的銅像就是詹天佑的，還有紀(jì)念碑。關(guān)溝因?yàn)榫佑龟P(guān)而著名，我們可以看到前面宏偉的建筑就是居庸關(guān)，它的名字起源于秦朝，以秦始皇遷徙“庸徒”在這里居住所以得名。在關(guān)內(nèi)，有一個(gè)著名的漢白玉石臺(tái)，就是云臺(tái)。它是元代的一坐過街塔，上邊原來有三座藏式佛塔，在后來的地震中毀壞了。明代又在原處]建立了泰安寺，而在康熙年間又被毀了，只留下現(xiàn)在我們所看到的柱礎(chǔ)和望柱。云臺(tái)的面積有310平方米臺(tái)下的券門上刻有獅、象、四不象、金翅鳥等浮雕，分別代表了佛教密宗五方五佛的座騎，還有天龍八部護(hù)法天神的浮雕。內(nèi)壁上還有四大天王浮雕和神獸圖案，券頂上還布滿了曼陀羅的圖樣，花中刻有佛像，共2215尊。還有六種文字鐫刻的《陀羅尼經(jīng)咒》和《造塔功德記》，這些都是元代的藝術(shù)精品，具有很高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。
八達(dá)嶺長城是明長城中的杰出代表，因?yàn)檫@里四通八達(dá)，故成為八達(dá)嶺。可能大家會(huì)問，為什么要講長城修筑在這里?其實(shí)這主要是因?yàn)榘诉_(dá)嶺地區(qū)重要的地理位置。它不僅守衛(wèi)著明皇陵，而且也是京師的西北大門。
八達(dá)嶺長城是歷史上許多重大事件的見證，例如蕭太后巡幸，元太祖入關(guān)，慈禧太后西逃等等，八達(dá)嶺都是畢竟之路。說到這里，還有一個(gè)故事要講給大家：位于關(guān)城東門路旁，有一塊巨石，傳說在1920xx年八國聯(lián)軍攻入北京，慈禧在西逃的途中經(jīng)過這里，曾經(jīng)站在這塊石頭上回望京城，所以這塊石頭也就被叫做望京石。但現(xiàn)在這塊石頭已經(jīng)不那么突出了。
有一句話大家一定都知道：不到長城非好漢。剛才介紹了那么多景觀，您一定急切的想來到景區(qū)游覽一番，不用著急，馬上您也要成為好漢了。好，這里就是著名的八達(dá)嶺長城遠(yuǎn)處是壯麗的景色，而往下看就是長城重要的組成部分翁城，他一般都修建在地形險(xiǎn)要的交通要道上。翁城兩門之間相距63.9米，西門匾額：北門鎖鑰，我在前面已經(jīng)講過了。東門的匾額為：居庸外鎮(zhèn)，意思是居庸關(guān)外又一重鎮(zhèn)?，F(xiàn)在我們向右下放看，在登城口的南側(cè)陳列著一門大炮，名為：神威大將軍。是崇禎年間制造的。
八達(dá)嶺長城有三臺(tái)兩墻組成，什么是三臺(tái)兩墻呢?現(xiàn)在就讓我給大家來解釋一下，三臺(tái)分別是城臺(tái)，敵臺(tái)，其中城臺(tái)構(gòu)造的非常簡單，只是駐守的官兵避風(fēng)寒的地方。那敵臺(tái)的構(gòu)造相對(duì)就要復(fù)雜一些，分為兩層，下層是由田，井，回，等字形組成，上層有垛口和望孔是觀察軍情和射箭用的，所以這里也具有防御敵人的功能。
下面就到了烽火臺(tái)，又叫烽燧，狼煙臺(tái)。是不和長城相連的獨(dú)立建筑。一旦敵人來犯，就點(diǎn)燃烽火通報(bào)軍情，古人獎(jiǎng)白天點(diǎn)燃的煙叫做烽，晚上的叫做燧。明朝的時(shí)候，還對(duì)烽火與敵人的關(guān)系作了嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：敵人百余個(gè)，燃一煙點(diǎn)一炮;五白人，燃兩煙點(diǎn)兩炮;千人以上，三煙三炮;五千人以上，四煙四炮;萬人以上，五煙五炮。就通過這種方式，在邊關(guān)的軍情能夠飛速的傳遞到皇城大內(nèi)。
說完了三臺(tái)，下面就來說一下兩墻。長城外側(cè)的高墻叫做牒墻，有垛口是用來防御敵人的。而內(nèi)側(cè)不足一米高的則叫作女兒墻，也叫做宇墻。在最開始長城內(nèi)側(cè)是沒有女兒墻的，可是經(jīng)常有人會(huì)跌下山崖，所以就修建了這道墻。在長城墻根的地方每隔不遠(yuǎn)就有一個(gè)小水溝，雨天的時(shí)候由吐水嘴向外排水，以免水沖刷城墻。而長城的墻體里面使用石頭塊鑄成的，外邊砌上磚，再在上面鋪上石板，從而使建筑非常牢固!
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